<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[The Insighta: Economy]]></title><description><![CDATA[Economy]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/s/economy</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XyeA!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d4ea25c-e270-4908-922d-8cbcf01f24a1_1080x1080.png</url><title>The Insighta: Economy</title><link>https://theinsighta.com/s/economy</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 03:25:25 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://theinsighta.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[The Insighta]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[theinsighata2024@gmail.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[theinsighata2024@gmail.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[The Insighta]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[The Insighta]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[theinsighata2024@gmail.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[theinsighata2024@gmail.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[The Insighta]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[পরিবর্তনশীল বিশ্বব্যবস্থায় কোন পথে বাংলাদেশ- পূর্বে না পশ্চিমে?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#8220;&#2438;&#2488;&#2482; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2471;&#2497;&#8221; &#2476;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2499;&#2468;&#2494;&#2527; &#2472;&#2527;; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495;&#2468; &#2489;&#2527; &#2476;&#2494;&#2467;&#2495;&#2460;&#2509;&#2479;, &#2488;&#2480;&#2476;&#2480;&#2494;&#2489; &#2486;&#2499;&#2457;&#2509;&#2454;&#2482;, &#2460;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2482;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495; &#2451; &#2439;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2507;-&#2474;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2488;&#2495;&#2475;&#2495;&#2453; &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2509;&#2479;&#2503;&#2404; &#2458;&#2496;&#2472;-&#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2468;-&#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;&#2494;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480; &#2463;&#2494;&#2472;&#2494;&#2474;&#2524;&#2503;&#2472;&#2503; &#2447;&#2453;&#2478;&#2497;&#2454;&#2496;&#2468;&#2494; &#2472;&#2527;, &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2509;&#2479; &#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2439; &#2460;&#2494;&#2468;&#2496;&#2527; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2503;&#2480; &#2458;&#2494;&#2476;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2495;&#2404;]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/p/1f9</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://theinsighta.com/p/1f9</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Md Saidul Islam CDCS]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2026 17:34:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IMHW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c9e0262-f39b-45ee-9b6d-b499bcdcf690_1168x784.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>A &#8220;real friend&#8221; of Bangladesh is defined not by rhetoric but by trade flows, supply chains, energy security, and Indo-Pacific geopolitics. As the US, China, and India vie for influence in the Bay of Bengal, Dhaka must resist one-sided dependence and pursue a calibrated strategy to safeguard its national interests, export markets, and security priorities.</em></p><div><hr></div><p>&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2476;&#2489;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2467;&#2495;&#2460;&#2509;&#2479; &#2451; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2453;&#2507;&#2472; &#2474;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487; &#8220;&#2438;&#2488;&#2482; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2471;&#2497;&#8221;&#8212;&#2447;&#2439; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;&#2463;&#2495; &#2453;&#2503;&#2476;&#2482; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2476;&#2495;&#2468;&#2480;&#2509;&#2453;&#2503;&#2480; &#2476;&#2495;&#2487;&#2479;&#2492; &#2472;&#2479;&#2492;; &#2476;&#2480;&#2434; &#2447;&#2463;&#2495; &#2463;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503;&#2465; &#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507;, &#2477;&#2498;-&#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2468;&#2494; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2477;&#2498;-&#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2486;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2509;&#2479;&#2503;&#2480; &#2441;&#2474;&#2480; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2468; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2460;&#2463;&#2495;&#2482; &#2488;&#2478;&#2496;&#2453;&#2480;&#2467;&#2404; &#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472; &#2476;&#2504;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476;&#2495;&#2453; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2494;&#2474;&#2463;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2447;&#2439; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;&#2463;&#2495; &#2438;&#2480;&#2451; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2488;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2495;&#2453; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2441;&#2464;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2503;&#2487; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2474;&#2494;&#2482;&#2494;&#2476;&#2470;&#2482;&#2503; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2495;&#2467; &#2447;&#2486;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480; &#2447;&#2439; &#2437;&#2462;&#2509;&#2458;&#2482;&#2463;&#2495; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2441;&#2464;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476;&#2476;&#2482;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2480; &#2447;&#2453; &#2477;&#2479;&#2492;&#2434;&#2453;&#2480; &#2454;&#2503;&#2482;&#2494;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2464;&#8212;&#2479;&#2494;&#2480; &#2480;&#2503;&#2475;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2479;&#2492;&#2434; &#8220;&#2465;&#2495;&#2474; &#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2503;&#2463;&#8221;-&#2447;&#2480; &#2486;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2486;&#2494;&#2482;&#2496; &#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2503;&#2453;&#2489;&#2507;&#2482;&#2509;&#2465;&#2494;&#2480;&#2480;&#2494;&#2404;</p><p>&#2535;&#2536; &#2475;&#2503;&#2476;&#2509;&#2480;&#2497;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495;&#2480; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2458;&#2472;&#2503; &#2460;&#2479;&#2492;&#2496; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2476;&#2495;&#2447;&#2472;&#2474;&#2495; &#2472;&#2468;&#2497;&#2472; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2455;&#2464;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2480; &#2535;&#2542; &#2475;&#2503;&#2476;&#2509;&#2480;&#2497;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495; Donald J. Trump &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2471;&#2494;&#2472;&#2478;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2496;&#2453;&#2503; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2437;&#2477;&#2495;&#2472;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2472; &#2476;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2474;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2472;&#2404; &#2447;&#2480; &#2438;&#2455;&#2503; Narendra Modi-&#2451; &#2466;&#2494;&#2453;&#2494;&#2453;&#2503; &#2486;&#2497;&#2477;&#2503;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2494; &#2460;&#2494;&#2472;&#2494;&#2472;&#2404; &#2447;&#2439; &#2470;&#2497;&#2463;&#2495; &#2476;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2453;&#2503;&#2476;&#2482; &#2453;&#2498;&#2463;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2508;&#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2472;&#2479;&#2492;; &#2476;&#2480;&#2434; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2495;&#2467; &#2447;&#2486;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2468; &#2486;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2488;&#2478;&#2496;&#2453;&#2480;&#2467;&#2503;&#2480; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2439;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2495;&#2468;&#2451; &#2476;&#2489;&#2472; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2404;</p><p>&#2478;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2453;&#2495;&#2472; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503;&#2488;&#2495;&#2465;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463;&#2503;&#2480; &#2458;&#2495;&#2464;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2453;&#2503; &#2468;&#2495;&#2472;&#2463;&#2495; &#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482;&#2455;&#2468; &#2476;&#2495;&#2487;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2488;&#2509;&#2474;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463; &#2476;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2470;&#2503;&#2451;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;, &#2479;&#2503;&#2478;&#2472;&#8212;</p><ol><li><p><strong>Free and Open Indo-Pacific</strong> &#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2467;&#2494;&#2480; &#2437;&#2471;&#2496;&#2472;&#2503; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2478;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468; &#2451; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2470; &#2488;&#2478;&#2497;&#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2474;&#2469; &#2472;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2458;&#2495;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494;,</p></li><li><p><strong>Routine Defense Engagements</strong>-&#2447;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2478;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2494; &#2488;&#2489;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2495;&#2468;&#2494; &#2460;&#2507;&#2480;&#2470;&#2494;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494;, &#2447;&#2476;&#2434;</p></li><li><p><strong>Reciprocal Trade and Supply Chain Security</strong>-&#2447;&#2480; &#2477;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2467;&#2495;&#2460;&#2509;&#2479;&#2495;&#2453; &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2509;&#2479; &#2451; &#2488;&#2480;&#2476;&#2480;&#2494;&#2489; &#2486;&#2499;&#2457;&#2509;&#2454;&#2482;&#2494;&#2480; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2472;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2458;&#2495;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494;&#2404;</p></li></ol><p>&#2447;&#2439; &#2476;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507; &#2439;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2495;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2479;&#2503; &#8220;&#2438;&#2478;&#2503;&#2480;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#8221; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2495;&#2467; &#2447;&#2486;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2486;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2472;&#2468;&#2497;&#2472; &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2509;&#2479; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2494;&#2467;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2453;&#2503; &#2455;&#2497;&#2480;&#2497;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467; &#2437;&#2434;&#2486;&#2496;&#2470;&#2494;&#2480; &#2489;&#2495;&#2488;&#2503;&#2476;&#2503; &#2476;&#2495;&#2476;&#2503;&#2458;&#2472;&#2494; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2503;&#2487; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; <strong>Bay of Bengal</strong>-&#2453;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2453; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2451; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2479;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2477;&#2498;&#2478;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#2453;&#2503; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482;&#2455;&#2468; &#2470;&#2499;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2454;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IMHW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c9e0262-f39b-45ee-9b6d-b499bcdcf690_1168x784.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo: Illustration by <em>The Insighta</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>&#2476;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2507;&#2474;&#2488;&#2494;&#2455;&#2480; &#2447;&#2454;&#2472; &#2486;&#2497;&#2471;&#2497; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2497;&#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2453; &#2437;&#2462;&#2509;&#2458;&#2482; &#2472;&#2479;&#2492;&#2404; &#2447;&#2463;&#2495; &#2488;&#2478;&#2497;&#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2474;&#2469;, &#2460;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2482;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2476;&#2489;&#2472;, &#2488;&#2480;&#2476;&#2480;&#2494;&#2489; &#2486;&#2499;&#2457;&#2509;&#2454;&#2482;&#2494; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2494; &#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482;&#2503;&#2480; &#2476;&#2489;&#2497;&#2478;&#2497;&#2454;&#2496; &#2453;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2497;&#2404; &#2474;&#2486;&#2509;&#2458;&#2495;&#2478;&#2494; &#2460;&#2507;&#2463; &#2479;&#2503;&#2478;&#2472; &#2447;&#2439; &#2437;&#2462;&#2509;&#2458;&#2482;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476; &#2476;&#2495;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503; &#2438;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2489;&#2496;, &#2468;&#2503;&#2478;&#2472;&#2495; &#2458;&#2496;&#2472;-&#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2468;&#2451; &#2472;&#2495;&#2460;&#2503;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2476;&#2482;&#2479;&#2492; &#2488;&#2497;&#2488;&#2434;&#2489;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503; &#2478;&#2480;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2404; &#2438;&#2462;&#2509;&#2458;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;&#2503; &#2447;&#2439; &#2486;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507;&#2480; &#2437;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2472; &#2437;&#2472;&#2503;&#2453; &#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2503;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503; &#2488;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;&#2494;&#2482; &#2489;&#2482;&#2503;&#2451; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476; &#2476;&#2495;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2503;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2495;&#2468;&#2494; &#2468;&#2496;&#2476;&#2509;&#2480;&#2404;</p><p>&#2447;&#2459;&#2494;&#2465;&#2492;&#2494;&#2451;, &#2439;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2507;-&#2474;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2488;&#2495;&#2475;&#2495;&#2453; &#2447;&#2454;&#2472; &#2438;&#2480; &#2453;&#2503;&#2476;&#2482; &#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2455;&#2468; &#8220;&#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2467;&#2494;&#8221; &#2472;&#2479;&#2492;&#2404; &#2447;&#2463;&#2495; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;, &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2479; &#2451; &#2477;&#2498;-&#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2468;&#2478; &#2488;&#2478;&#2496;&#2453;&#2480;&#2467; &#2489;&#2495;&#2488;&#2503;&#2476;&#2503; &#2447;&#2453; &#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482;&#2496; &#2480;&#2498;&#2474; &#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;&#2494;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482;, &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503;&#2480; &#2438;&#2462;&#2509;&#2458;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2434;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455; &#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2458;&#2496;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2437;&#2476;&#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507; &#2451; &#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2497;&#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2453; &#2441;&#2474;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2495;&#2468;&#2495;&#8212;&#2488;&#2476; &#2478;&#2495;&#2482;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2495;&#2467; &#2447;&#2486;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2472;&#2468;&#2497;&#2472; &#2477;&#2498;-&#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2458;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480; &#2468;&#2504;&#2480;&#2495; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404;</p><p>&#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2495;&#2467; &#2447;&#2486;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2478;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2476;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2488; &#2438;&#2455;&#2503;&#2480; &#2468;&#2497;&#2482;&#2472;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2437;&#2472;&#2503;&#2453; &#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495; &#2476;&#2489;&#2497;&#2478;&#2494;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2453; &#2451; &#2460;&#2463;&#2495;&#2482; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2441;&#2464;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2438;&#2462;&#2509;&#2458;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2470;&#2509;&#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2509;&#2476;&#2495;&#2468;&#2494; &#2447;&#2454;&#2472; &#2488;&#2480;&#2494;&#2488;&#2480;&#2495; &#2476;&#2504;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476;&#2495;&#2453; &#2486;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2495;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2488;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2503; &#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2404; &#2447;&#2439; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2468; &#2486;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2509;&#2479; &#2451; &#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482;&#2455;&#2468; &#2474;&#2497;&#2472;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2488;&#2453;&#2503;&#2439; &#8220;&#2472;&#2468;&#2497;&#2472; &#2477;&#2498;-&#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2458;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#8221; &#2476;&#2482;&#2494; &#2489;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2447;&#2439; &#2472;&#2468;&#2497;&#2472; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2468;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;&#2494;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480; <strong>Indo-Pacific Strategy</strong>-&#2447;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2478;&#2503; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2495;&#2467; &#2447;&#2486;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494; &#2451; &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2468; &#2478;&#2489;&#2494;&#2488;&#2494;&#2455;&#2480;&#2496;&#2479;&#2492; &#2437;&#2462;&#2509;&#2458;&#2482;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2476;&#2482;&#2479;&#2492; &#2460;&#2507;&#2480;&#2470;&#2494;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2488;&#2478;&#2497;&#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2474;&#2469;&#2503;&#2480; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;, &#2460;&#2507;&#2463;&#2477;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2489;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2495;&#2468;&#2494; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482;&#2455;&#2468; &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2509;&#2479; &#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2494;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2478;&#2503; &#2451;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2486;&#2495;&#2434;&#2463;&#2472; &#2447;&#2439; &#2437;&#2462;&#2509;&#2458;&#2482;&#2453;&#2503; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2476;&#2504;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476;&#2495;&#2453; &#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2455;&#2497;&#2480;&#2497;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467; &#2437;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487; &#2489;&#2495;&#2488;&#2503;&#2476;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2454;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404;</p><p>&#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2470;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503;, &#2458;&#2496;&#2472; &#2437;&#2472;&#2503;&#2453; &#2438;&#2455;&#2503;&#2439; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480; <strong>Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)</strong> &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2482;&#2509;&#2474;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2478;&#2503; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2495;&#2467; &#2447;&#2486;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2455;&#2477;&#2496;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476; &#2476;&#2495;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2486;&#2497;&#2480;&#2497; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; <strong>Gwadar Port</strong>, <strong>Hambantota Port</strong>&#2488;&#2489; &#2476;&#2495;&#2477;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480; &#2451; &#2437;&#2476;&#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2482;&#2509;&#2474;&#2503; &#2476;&#2495;&#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2507;&#2455;, &#2488;&#2465;&#2492;&#2453;-&#2480;&#2503;&#2482; &#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2494;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; <strong>Indian Ocean</strong>-&#2447; &#2472;&#2508;-&#2441;&#2474;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2495;&#2468;&#2495; &#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2478;&#2503; &#2476;&#2503;&#2439;&#2460;&#2495;&#2434; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2451; &#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2480;&#2495;&#2453; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476; &#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2497;&#2468; &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2488;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2475;&#2482;&#2503; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2495;&#2467; &#2447;&#2486;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494; &#2447;&#2454;&#2472; &#2486;&#2497;&#2471;&#2497; &#2438;&#2462;&#2509;&#2458;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453; &#2486;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2470;&#2509;&#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2509;&#2476;&#2495;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2503;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480; &#2472;&#2479;&#2492;; &#2447;&#2463;&#2495; &#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;&#2494;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480; &#2451; &#2458;&#2496;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482;&#2455;&#2468; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2495;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2455;&#2497;&#2480;&#2497;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467; &#2478;&#2462;&#2509;&#2458;&#2503; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2467;&#2468; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2447;&#2439; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2495;&#2468;&#2494; &#2447;&#2453;&#2470;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2497;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455; &#2468;&#2504;&#2480;&#2495; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503;, &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2470;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503; &#2486;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2509;&#2479; &#2451; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503; &#2438;&#2480;&#2451; &#2488;&#2434;&#2476;&#2503;&#2470;&#2472;&#2486;&#2496;&#2482; &#2451; &#2460;&#2463;&#2495;&#2482; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2468;&#2497;&#2482;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VeIX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00dac774-ebf6-4a2e-92ed-0f80f5b7d2d8_1168x784.png" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo: Illustration by <em>The Insighta</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>&#2447;&#2470;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503;, &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2468; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2503; &#2437;&#2434;&#2486;&#2496;&#2470;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476;&#2478;&#2498;&#2482;&#2453; &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2480;&#2509;&#2453; &#2455;&#2477;&#2496;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503; &#2438;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2489;&#2496;&#2404; &#2477;&#2508;&#2455;&#2507;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2434;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;, 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&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2453; &#2489;&#2495;&#2488;&#2503;&#2476;&#2503; &#2477;&#2498;&#2478;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494; &#2472;&#2503;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2510; &#2477;&#2476;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2479;&#2510; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2477;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503;&#8212;&#2480;&#2494;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480; &#2453;&#2468;&#2463;&#2494; &#2488;&#2497;&#2488;&#2434;&#2455;&#2464;&#2495;&#2468; &#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482;, &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2468;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2464;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2478;&#2472;&#2509;&#2476;&#2479;&#2492; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2470;&#2496;&#2480;&#2509;&#2456;&#2478;&#2503;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2470;&#2495; &#2470;&#2499;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2495;&#2477;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2495; &#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2447;&#2439; &#2477;&#2498;-&#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2468;&#2494;&#2453;&#2503; &#2478;&#2507;&#2453;&#2494;&#2476;&#2495;&#2482;&#2494; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2451;&#2474;&#2480;&#2404;</p><p></p><div><hr></div><p><strong>Author Bio</strong></p><p>Saidul Islam is a Bangladesh-based investment banker and former journalist. For correspondence, contact sayedcdcs@gmail.com</p><div><hr></div><pre><code><code>Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are the authors' own and do not necessarily reflect The Insighta's editorial stance. However, any errors in the stated facts or figures may be corrected if supported by verifiable evidence.</code></code></pre>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[৭% প্রবৃদ্ধি আর ৩ ট্রিলিয়ন ডলারের অর্থনীতি স্বপ্নের রাজনীতি নাকি মুদ্রাস্ফীতির শাসন ]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#2541;% &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495; &#2438;&#2480; &#2537; &#2463;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2482;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472; &#2465;&#2482;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2474;&#2509;&#2472; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2509;&#2482;&#2507;&#2455;&#2494;&#2472; &#2489;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;, &#2453;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2497; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2478;&#2509;&#2472; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495;, &#2441;&#2458;&#2509;&#2458; &#2478;&#2497;&#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2475;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;, &#2470;&#2497;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2482; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2488;&#2509;&#2476;, &#2454;&#2503;&#2482;&#2494;&#2474;&#2495; &#2443;&#2467; &#2451; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2474;&#2494;&#2458;&#2494;&#2480; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503; &#2461;&#2497;&#2433;&#2453;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2475;&#2503;&#2482;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2463;&#2494;&#2453;&#2494; &#2459;&#2494;&#2474;&#2494;&#2472;&#2507; &#2488;&#2478;&#2494;&#2471;&#2494;]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/p/b39</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://theinsighta.com/p/b39</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Md Saidul Islam CDCS]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 03:59:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TGOm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F544ddc65-3e53-47d2-9cf8-f6b99abd0690_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><hr></div><p>The article argues that Bangladesh&#8217;s political talk of 7% growth and a $3 trillion economy ignores hard constraints. With slowing growth, high inflation, weak revenue collection, rising domestic debt, bad loans, and capital flight, money printing would only deepen price pressures. It calls for quality growth, depoliticized monetary policy, banking discipline, and a stable investment climate.</p><div><hr></div><p>&#2541;% &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495;, &#2537; &#2463;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2482;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472; &#2465;&#2482;&#2494;&#2480;, &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2468; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2494;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480;, &#2486;&#2507;&#2472;&#2494;&#2468;&#2503; &#2470;&#2494;&#2480;&#2497;&#2467;&#2404; &#2453;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2497; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495; &#2488;&#2509;&#2482;&#2507;&#2455;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503; &#2458;&#2482;&#2503; &#2472;&#2494;, &#2437;&#2457;&#2509;&#2453;&#2503; &#2458;&#2482;&#2503;&#2404; &#2438;&#2460;&#2453;&#2503;&#2480; &#2476;&#2495;&#2474;&#2470;&#2463;&#2494; &#2447;&#2454;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503;&#2439;, &#2476;&#2465;&#2492; &#2476;&#2465;&#2492; &#2482;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2509;&#2479; 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&#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2474;&#2509;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2503;&#2439; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2495;&#2404;</p><p>&#2438;&#2480; &#2447;&#2439; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2468;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2469;&#2478; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;&#2463;&#2494; &#2454;&#2497;&#2476; &#2488;&#2480;&#2482;, &#2463;&#2494;&#2453;&#2494; &#2459;&#2494;&#2474;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2453;&#2495; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495; &#2476;&#2465;&#2492; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2479;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;? &#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2460;&#2495;&#2465;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2538;&#2540;&#2534;-&#2539;&#2534;&#2534; &#2476;&#2495;&#2482;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472; &#2478;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2453;&#2495;&#2472; 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TGOm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F544ddc65-3e53-47d2-9cf8-f6b99abd0690_1536x1024.png" width="1456" height="971" 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&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2467;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2478;&#2494;&#2467;&#2453;&#2404; &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2470;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503; &#2480;&#2474;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495; &#2447;&#2454;&#2472;&#2507; &#2488;&#2495;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2503;&#2482; &#2465;&#2495;&#2460;&#2495;&#2463;&#2503;-&#2478;&#2494;&#2488;&#2451;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495; &#2489;&#2495;&#2488;&#2503;&#2476;&#2503; &#2539;.&#2538;&#2535;%-&#2441;&#2458;&#2509;&#2458; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2460;&#2472;&#2503; &#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494;&#2476;&#2494;&#2489;&#2495;&#2453;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476;&#2503; &#2465;&#2494;&#2476;&#2482; &#2465;&#2495;&#2460;&#2495;&#2463;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2479;&#2492;&#2507;&#2460;&#2472; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2496; 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&#2464;&#2503;&#2482;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2451;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2404; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495; &#2470;&#2503;&#2454;&#2494;&#2472;&#2507;&#2480; &#2472;&#2494;&#2478;&#2503; &#2479;&#2470;&#2495; &#2478;&#2497;&#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494; &#2459;&#2494;&#2474;&#2494;&#2472;&#2507; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;, &#2468;&#2476;&#2503; &#2488;&#2503;&#2463;&#2495; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472; &#2472;&#2479;&#2492; &#2447;&#2463;&#2495; &#2460;&#2472;&#2488;&#2494;&#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2467;&#2503;&#2480; &#2451;&#2474;&#2480; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2489;&#2494;&#2478;&#2482;&#2494;&#2404; &#2478;&#2472;&#2503; &#2480;&#2494;&#2454;&#2468;&#2503; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503; &#2478;&#2498;&#2482;&#2509;&#2479;&#2488;&#2509;&#2475;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495; &#2480;&#2494;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2499;&#2453; &#2460;&#2472;&#2455;&#2467;&#2503;&#2480; &#2441;&#2474;&#2480; &#2458;&#2494;&#2474;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2451;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494; &#2447;&#2453; &#8216;&#2460;&#2497;&#2482;&#2497;&#2478;&#8217; &#2447;&#2463;&#2495; &#2472;&#2496;&#2480;&#2476; &#2453;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2497; &#2472;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2464;&#2497;&#2480; &#2486;&#2494;&#2488;&#2453; &#2404;</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>Author Bio</strong></p><p>Saidul Islam is a Bangladesh-based investment banker and former journalist. For correspondence, contact <a href="mailto:sayedcdcs@gmail.com">sayedcdcs@gmail.com</a></p><div><hr></div><pre><code>Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are the authors' own and do not necessarily reflect The Insighta's editorial stance. However, any errors in the stated facts or figures may be corrected if supported by verifiable evidence.</code></pre>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How Justified Is the Debate Over Handing Laldia Terminal to Foreign Operators?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bangladesh&#8217;s move to give Laldia Terminal to a foreign operator is framed as reform but seen as risky, sparking debate on sovereignty and security versus lessons from global practices.]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/p/how-justified-is-the-debate-over</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://theinsighta.com/p/how-justified-is-the-debate-over</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Kazi Shahedur Rahman]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2025 10:47:46 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#2458;&#2463;&#2509;&#2463;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2478; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2494;&#2467; &#2451; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2458;&#2494;&#2482;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2470;&#2494;&#2527;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476; &#2476;&#2495;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495; &#2453;&#2507;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2470;&#2494;&#2472; &#2439;&#2488;&#2509;&#2479;&#2497;&#2468;&#2503; &#2476;&#2495;&#2468;&#2480;&#2509;&#2453; &#2458;&#2482;&#2459;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2404; &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2496; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2470;&#2494;&#2476;&#2495;, &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2438;&#2471;&#2497;&#2472;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#2527;&#2472;, &#2488;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2478;&#2468;&#2494; &#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495; &#2451; &#2470;&#2497;&#2480;&#2509;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2480;&#2494;&#2486; &#2463;&#2503;&#2472;&#2503; &#2471;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503; &#2447;&#2439; &#2474;&#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2503;&#2474; &#2460;&#2480;&#2497;&#2480;&#2495;&#2404; &#2468;&#2476;&#2503; &#2476;&#2495;&#2480;&#2507;&#2471;&#2496;&#2480;&#2494; &#2478;&#2472;&#2503; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2472;, &#2447;&#2480; &#2475;&#2482;&#2503; &#2461;&#2497;&#2433;&#2453;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2524;&#2476;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2477;&#2508;&#2478;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476;, &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2451; &#2477;&#2476;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2479;&#2510; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2404; &#2447;&#2439; &#2476;&#2495;&#2468;&#2480;&#2509;&#2453; &#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2472;&#2503; &#2480;&#2503;&#2454;&#2503; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2458;&#2494;&#2482;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2470;&#2494;&#2527;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476; &#2476;&#2495;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480;&#2453;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2470;&#2494;&#2472; &#2451; &#2475;&#2482;&#2494;&#2475;&#2482; &#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503; &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2437;&#2477;&#2495;&#2460;&#2509;&#2462;&#2468;&#2494; &#2438;&#2482;&#2507;&#2458;&#2472;&#2494; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503; &#2482;&#2503;&#2454;&#2494;&#2463;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503;&#2404;</p><div><hr></div><p>Bangladesh&#8217;s decision to involve a <a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/all-agree-efficient-ports-debate-over-deal-timing-details-4041001">foreign terminal operator in the development and operation of the proposed Laldia Terminal</a> at Chattogram Port has triggered a national debate over efficiency, sovereignty, and long-term economic strategy. At the center of the controversy is APM Terminals, a Denmark-based global port operator selected under a long-term concession framework to build and manage the new terminal.</p><p>The reasons for such a decision were influenced by the widespread corruption and inefficiency of the port, evident for a long term. According to official assessments, <a href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/6cebb847-6f46-44e7-9533-12ac893b3693/content?fbclid=IwY2xjawOaOaVleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFTc1hTZzlqbE05YkdlVElyc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQQMjIyMDM5MTc4ODIwMDg5MgABHgsigCjHZdL0bSWpMLwIgWjLRkWO9L3OJZ5FtArnjZkgIVWMgDEBUxxD7ixD_aem_oF2J7YZKwJJudHP18M_SFA">container dwell times at Chattogram remain significantly higher than global averages</a>, contributing to shipment delays and higher logistics costs for exporters, particularly in the ready-made garments sector. The government maintains that engaging an experienced international operator can address these shortcomings by introducing modern terminal management systems, advanced equipment, and performance-based operational standards.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png" width="1456" height="818" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:818,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1780425,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://theinsighta.com/i/181975252?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QQZG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F593da873-f9a3-4514-92cf-32b05007307e_1456x818.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>A digital illustration of the terminal as it is expected to look upon completion in 2030. <strong>Credit: APM Terminals</strong></em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Under the proposed model, APM Terminals would finance, construct, and operate the terminal for a fixed concession period, after which the facility would revert fully to the state. <a href="https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/foreign-port-operators-key-ending-corruption-and-boosting-efficiency-bida-chief-1281476">Authorities stress</a> that the arrangement does not involve the sale of port land or assets, and that regulatory oversight, security, and sovereignty would remain under Bangladeshi control.</p><p>However, the critics fear it could weaken national control over strategic infrastructure. <a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/all-agree-efficient-ports-debate-over-deal-timing-details-4041001">They raise concerns over national interests</a>, strategy and procedure. They maintain that Bangladesh must build its own capacity and keep control of Chattogram Port, the nation&#8217;s primary economic artery and a strategic asset vital to national security and regional interests.</p><p>As protests, policy statements, and expert opinions collide, the issue has emerged as one of the most consequential infrastructure decisions in recent years.</p><p>Since the handling of ports by the operators is not a new phenomena, there are scores of examples across South Asia and globe, for example, India handles a large number of ports by the foreign operators. This article will focus on such practice from other countries and its benefits.</p><p><strong>A Policy Choice Seen Across the Region</strong></p><p>Bangladesh&#8217;s move is not an outlier in the region. <a href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10173064501800333&amp;set=a.10150558562155333&amp;type=3&amp;mibextid=wwXIfr&amp;rdid=BOOUcGW0MJaQVCIL&amp;share_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fshare%2F1C1XLCCW5Q%2F%3Fmibextid%3DwwXIfr#">Across South and Southeast Asia, governments have increasingly adopted hybrid port-management models</a> that combine public ownership with private or foreign terminal operations. These models are widely used to attract capital, improve efficiency, and <a href="https://ppp.worldbank.org/sector/transportation/ports">integrate national ports into global shipping networks</a>.</p><p>Proponents of the Laldia project argue that Bangladesh is, in fact, a late entrant to this approach, having relied for decades on a predominantly state-run port system while regional competitors embraced reform.</p><p><em><strong>India: Large-Scale Privatization of Port Terminals</strong></em></p><p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2203531&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=2">India provides one of the clearest regional examples</a>. The country operates more than 12 major ports and over 200 non-major ports, many of which include terminals run by global operators such as DP World, APM Terminals, and PSA International. These operators manage key container terminals in Mumbai, Mundra, Chennai, Cochin, and Nhava Sheva under concessions typically lasting between 30 and 50 years.</p><p>According to industry data, privatized terminals now handle the majority of India&#8217;s container traffic. Improved turnaround times and capacity expansion at these ports have contributed to India&#8217;s steady rise in global logistics performance rankings and helped support export growth.</p><p><em><strong>Pakistan: Long-Term Concessions with Strategic Implications</strong></em></p><p><a href="https://www.adportsgroup.com/en/news-and-media/2025/02/28/ad-ports-group-and-pakistan-board-of-investment-sign-mou">Pakistan has also adopted foreign-operated port models at Karachi Port and Port Qasim</a>, while Gwadar Port is operated under a Chinese concession exceeding 40 years. Although these arrangements have faced political scrutiny, they have enabled Pakistan to expand port capacity, attract external financing, and position itself within regional trade and energy corridors.</p><p><em><strong>Myanmar: Modernization Under Constraints</strong></em></p><p>Myanmar&#8217;s Yangon Port, which accounts for more than 90 percent of the country&#8217;s maritime trade, includes terminals operated by Singapore-based PSA International and other foreign firms. Despite political instability and economic challenges, foreign involvement has introduced container handling systems, modern equipment, and improved customs coordination, helping the port maintain operational continuity.</p><p><em><strong>Thailand: Building a Regional Manufacturing Hub</strong></em></p><p>Thailand&#8217;s Laem Chabang Port, the country&#8217;s principal deep-sea port, operates under a model that includes foreign and private terminal operators through long-term leases. The port now ranks among the world&#8217;s top 25 container ports and plays a key role in supporting Thailand&#8217;s export-oriented manufacturing economy and regional supply chains.</p><p><em><strong>Malaysia and Singapore: Established Models of Collaboration</strong></em></p><p>Malaysia&#8217;s Port Klang and Tanjung Pelepas have grown into major transshipment hubs through partnerships with global shipping lines and terminal operators. Their strategic location along the Malacca Strait, combined with professionalized management, has helped Malaysia develop a strong logistics and services sector.</p><p>Singapore, while maintaining strong state ownership through PSA Corporation, has long collaborated with international shipping lines, technology providers, and logistics firms. Its success is often cited as evidence that global integration, backed by strong institutions, can produce world-class port performance.</p><p><strong>Assessing the Risks and Rewards for Bangladesh</strong></p><p>From an economic perspective, analysts note that Bangladesh faces urgent capacity and efficiency constraints that cannot be resolved quickly through incremental administrative reform alone. The proposed Laldia Terminal arrangement <a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/business/news/govt-signs-30-year-deal-danish-apm-laldia-container-4036976">shifts investment risk to the operator</a>, avoids sovereign borrowing, and guarantees the return of upgraded assets to the state at the end of the concession period.</p><p>Similar models in India and Vietnam have shown measurable improvements in throughput, predictability, and export competitiveness. Supporters argue that without such reforms, Bangladesh risks losing cargo and investment to more efficient regional ports.</p><p>However, critics caution that the benefits are not automatic. Poorly structured contracts, weak regulatory oversight, or inadequate transparency could limit technology transfer or create long-term dependency on foreign operators. Labor conditions, data governance, and performance benchmarks remain key areas of concern.</p><p><strong>A Decision That Hinges on Governance</strong></p><p>International experience suggests that foreign terminal operations are neither inherently beneficial nor inherently harmful. Their success depends largely on how well governments regulate, monitor, and integrate them into national development strategies.</p><p>For Bangladesh, the debate over Laldia is ultimately less about the nationality of the operator and more about institutional capacity. If contracts are well-designed and oversight is strong, the project could strengthen trade competitiveness and reduce long-standing inefficiencies. If not, it risks becoming another contested infrastructure experiment.</p><p>As the government moves forward, the challenge will be to balance modernization with accountability, ensuring that port reform serves national economic interests without compromising public control or long-term strategic priorities.</p><div><hr></div><p><em><strong>About the Author</strong></em></p><p><em>Shahedur Rahman is the Op-Ed-Editor of The Insighta and a media professional with over 17 years of experience in journalism and editing. He can be reached at rahmankazishahedur@gmail.com</em></p><div><hr></div><pre><code><code>Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are the author&#8217;s own and do not necessarily reflect The Insighta&#8217;s editorial stance. However, any errors in the stated facts or figures may be corrected if supported by verifiable evidence.</code></code></pre>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[চট্টগ্রাম বন্দর পরিচালনায় ডেনমার্কের সঙ্গে চুক্তি ঘিরে বিতর্ক, সরকারের বক্তব্য কি?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#2458;&#2463;&#2509;&#2463;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2478; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2470;&#2494;&#2476;&#2495;, &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480; &#2476;&#2495;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495; &#2478;&#2494;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#2472;&#2494;&#2527; &#2479;&#2494;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503; &#2472;&#2494;, &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467; &#2476;&#2495;&#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2507;&#2455;&#2503; &#2447;&#2474;&#2495;&#2447;&#2478; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2488; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2494;&#2467; &#2451; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2458;&#2494;&#2482;&#2472;&#2494; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2470;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463; &#2478;&#2503;&#2527;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2404;]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/p/d7b</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://theinsighta.com/p/d7b</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Insighta]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 20:33:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A global operator is coming to Chittagong Port to cut corruption, reduce waiting time, and boost capacity. The government says ownership stays with Bangladesh while APM Terminals builds and runs the new facility. Supporters call it modernization; critics warn of foreign control and hidden risks.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>&#2458;&#2463;&#2509;&#2463;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2478; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494; &#2458;&#2480;&#2503; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2494;&#2467; &#2451; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2458;&#2494;&#2482;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2465;&#2503;&#2472;&#2478;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2453;&#2503;&#2480; &#2447;&#2474;&#2495;&#2447;&#2478; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2488;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2503; &#2438;&#2472;&#2497;&#2487;&#2509;&#2464;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495;&#2453; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2404; &#2455;&#2468; &#2535;&#2541; &#2472;&#2477;&#2503;&#2478;&#2509;&#2476;&#2480; &#2466;&#2494;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2439;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2453;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463;&#2495;&#2472;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463;&#2494;&#2482; &#2489;&#2507;&#2463;&#2503;&#2482;&#2503; &#2438;&#2527;&#2507;&#2460;&#2495;&#2468; &#2437;&#2472;&#2497;&#2487;&#2509;&#2464;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503; &#2470;&#2497;&#2439; &#2474;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487; &#2447; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2488;&#2439; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2404; &#2447;&#2439; <a href="https://www.bbc.com/bengali/articles/cz91d3elkpko">&#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503; &#2476;&#2503;&#2486; &#2438;&#2455;&#2503; &#2469;&#2503;&#2453;&#2503;&#2439; &#2441;&#2458;&#2509;&#2458;&#2453;&#2472;&#2509;&#2464; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2476;&#2495;&#2477;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472; &#2478;&#2489;&#2482;</a>&#2404; &#2468;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2437;&#2477;&#2495;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;, &#2447;&#2478;&#2472; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; 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&#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2471;&#2494;&#2472; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480; &#2456;&#2495;&#2480;&#2503; &#2447;&#2478;&#2472; &#2476;&#2495;&#2468;&#2480;&#2509;&#2453;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2503; &#2476;&#2495;&#2487;&#2527;&#2463;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2470;&#2499;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2495;&#2477;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2495; &#2468;&#2497;&#2482;&#2503; &#2471;&#2480;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2472; &#2474;&#2494;&#2476;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2439;&#2477;&#2503;&#2463; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2463;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480;&#2486;&#2495;&#2474; (&#2474;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495;) &#2437;&#2469;&#2480;&#2495;&#2463;&#2495;&#2480; &#2488;&#2495;&#2439;&#2451; <a href="https://www.pppo.gov.bd/bio-of-ceo.php">&#2438;&#2486;&#2495;&#2453; 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&#2438;&#2486;&#2495;&#2453; &#2458;&#2508;&#2471;&#2497;&#2480;&#2496;&#2480; &#2474;&#2507;&#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2463;&#2495; &#2453;&#2495;&#2459;&#2497;&#2463;&#2494; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2478;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2460;&#2495;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2439;&#2472;&#2488;&#2494;&#2439;&#2463;&#2494;&#8217;&#2480; &#2474;&#2494;&#2464;&#2453;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2486; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2482;&#2507;:</em></p><p><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2458;&#2463;&#2509;&#2463;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2478; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480;&#2503; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2455;&#2509;&#2482;&#2507;&#2476;&#2494;&#2482; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2463;&#2480; &#2453;&#2503;&#2472; &#2460;&#2480;&#2497;&#2480;&#2495; &#2489;&#2482;&#2507;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;:</strong> &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; 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&#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480;-&#2447;&#2480; &#2437;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2472; &#2538;&#2534;&#2539;&#2463;&#2495; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2503; &#2537;&#2537;&#2538;&#2468;&#2478;</a> &#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503;&#2404; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2447;&#2478;&#2472; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2463;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2527;&#2507;&#2460;&#2472;, &#2479;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2472;&#2468;&#2497;&#2472; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2451; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2489;&#2494;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2489;&#2527;&#2503; &#2488;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2507;&#2458;&#2509;&#2458; &#2475;&#2482;&#2494;&#2475;&#2482; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2460;&#2472; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; 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&#2438;&#2478;&#2480;&#2494;&#2404;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png" width="952" height="952" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:952,&quot;width&quot;:952,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1630465,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://theinsighta.com/i/179591074?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QLr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff270f270-5ba9-4d0b-af8c-e9e55a0b875b_952x952.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Image source: </strong>Ashik Chowdhury&#8217;s facebook post</figcaption></figure></div><p><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2474;&#2507;&#2480;&#2509;&#2463;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#2472;&#2494; &#2453;&#2495; &#2476;&#2495;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2489;&#2494;&#2468;&#2503; &#2458;&#2482;&#2503; &#2479;&#2494;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;:</strong> &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;&#2439; &#2438;&#2488;&#2503; &#2472;&#2494;! &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#2472;&#2494; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2494;&#2459;&#2503;&#2439; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494; &#2458;&#2480;&#2503; &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467; &#2472;&#2495;&#2460;&#2488;&#2509;&#2476; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472;&#2503; &#2465;&#2503;&#2472;&#2478;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2453;&#2503;&#2480; &#2447;&#2474;&#2495;&#2447;&#2478; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2488; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2472;&#2468;&#2497;&#2472; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2472;&#2453;&#2486;&#2494; &#2451; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2479;&#2503;&#2439; &#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494;&#2527; &#2468;&#2504;&#2480;&#2495; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503;, &#2488;&#2503;&#2463;&#2494;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2404; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2494;&#2467;&#2453;&#2494;&#2482; &#2468;&#2495;&#2472; &#2476;&#2459;&#2480;&#2404; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2474;&#2480; &#2447;&#2474;&#2495;&#2447;&#2478; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2470;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463; &#2488;&#2478;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2474;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2470;&#2494;&#2527;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476;&#2503; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2488;&#2478;&#2479;&#2492; &#2486;&#2503;&#2487; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2455;&#2503;&#2482;&#2503; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2488;&#2476; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2476;&#2497;&#2461;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2470;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2458;&#2482;&#2503; &#2479;&#2494;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2478;&#2472;&#2503; &#2453;&#2480;&#2497;&#2472;, &#2455;&#2494;&#2465;&#2492;&#2495;&#2463;&#2494; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480;&#2404; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2465;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2439;&#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2404; &#2468;&#2494;&#2489;&#2482;&#2503; &#2453;&#2495; &#2455;&#2494;&#2465;&#2492;&#2495;&#2463;&#2494; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2455;&#2503;&#2482;&#2507;?<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2447;&#2474;&#2495;&#2447;&#2478; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2488; &#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494;? &#2447;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480;&#2453;&#2503; &#2453;&#2503;&#2472; &#2470;&#2494;&#2527;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476; &#2470;&#2503;&#2527;&#2494; &#2489;&#2482;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2447;&#2474;&#2495;&#2447;&#2478; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2488; &#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476;&#2454;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2468; &#2447;&#2474;&#2495; &#2478;&#2507;&#2482;&#2494;&#2480;-&#2478;&#2503;&#2527;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2488;&#2509;&#2453; &#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2497;&#2474;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467; &#2478;&#2494;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#2472;&#2494;&#2471;&#2496;&#2472; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2464;&#2494;&#2472;&#2404; &#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476;&#2503;&#2480; &#2486;&#2496;&#2480;&#2509;&#2487; &#2536;&#2534;&#2463;&#2495; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2535;&#2534;&#2463;&#2495; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2463; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494;&#2404; &#2537;&#2537;&#2463;&#2495; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503; &#2488;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2478;&#2507;&#2463; &#2540;&#2534;&#2463;&#2495;&#2480; &#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2458;&#2494;&#2482;&#2472;&#2494; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503;&#2472; &#2447;&#2439; &#2478;&#2497;&#2489;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2503;&#2404; &#2439;&#2441;&#2480;&#2507;&#2474;&#2503;&#2480; &#2476;&#2495;&#2477;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2488;&#2489; &#2477;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2468;&#2472;&#2494;&#2478;, &#2488;&#2495;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2494;&#2474;&#2497;&#2480;, &#2451; &#2458;&#2496;&#2472;&#2503; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2463; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503;&#2472; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2478;&#2498;&#2482; &#2486;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507; &#2453;&#2495; &#2453;&#2495;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494; &#2453;&#2472;&#2463;&#2503;&#2439;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2474;&#2494;&#2476;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2439;&#2477;&#2503;&#2463; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2463;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480;&#2486;&#2495;&#2474; (PPP) &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2482;&#2509;&#2474;&#2404; &#2447;&#2480; &#2478;&#2498;&#2482; &#2476;&#2504;&#2486;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2479;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507; &#2489;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503;:<br>- &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2439;&#2477;&#2503;&#2463; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2463;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2447;&#2480; &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467; &#2476;&#2495;&#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2507;&#2455;&#2404; &#2488;&#2494;&#2439;&#2472;&#2495;&#2434; &#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495; &#2489;&#2495;&#2488;&#2494;&#2476;&#2503; &#2536;&#2539;&#2534; &#2453;&#2507;&#2463;&#2495; &#2463;&#2494;&#2453;&#2494; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2494;&#2467;&#2453;&#2494;&#2482;&#2503; &#2488;&#2476; &#2478;&#2495;&#2482;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2540;,&#2541;&#2534;&#2534; &#2453;&#2507;&#2463;&#2495; &#2463;&#2494;&#2453;&#2494; &#2476;&#2495;&#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2507;&#2455; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503; &#2447;&#2474;&#2495;&#2447;&#2478;&#2404; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2469;&#2503;&#2453;&#2503; &#2453;&#2507;&#2472;&#2507; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472; &#2476;&#2494; &#2455;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463;&#2495; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2470;&#2494;&#2472; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503; &#2472;&#2494;&#2404;<br>- &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2494;&#2467;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2480; &#2537;&#2534; &#2476;&#2459;&#2480; &#2478;&#2503;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2470;&#2496; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2404; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2478;&#2503;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2470;&#2453;&#2494;&#2482;&#2503; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2453;&#2482; &#2476;&#2494;&#2467;&#2495;&#2460;&#2509;&#2479;&#2495;&#2453;, &#2488;&#2494;&#2478;&#2494;&#2460;&#2495;&#2453; &#2451; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2455;&#2468; &#2486;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468; &#2478;&#2503;&#2472;&#2503; &#2458;&#2482;&#2482;&#2503; &#2478;&#2503;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2470; &#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2479;&#2494;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404;<br>- &#2479;&#2468;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507; &#2453;&#2472;&#2463;&#2503;&#2439;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2465;&#2503;&#2482; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503;, &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2509;&#2479;&#2503;&#2453;&#2463;&#2494;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2470;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463; &#2475;&#2495; &#2470;&#2495;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2479;&#2468; &#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495; &#2477;&#2482;&#2495;&#2441;&#2478; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2438;&#2479;&#2492; &#2468;&#2468; &#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2447;&#2480; &#2474;&#2494;&#2486;&#2494;&#2474;&#2494;&#2486;&#2495; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469; &#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2503; &#2437;&#2472;&#2503;&#2453; &#2471;&#2480;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2486;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468; &#2438;&#2459;&#2503; &#2447;&#2439; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503;&#2404; &#2479;&#2503;&#2478;&#2472;, &#2453;&#2507;&#2472;&#2507; &#2453;&#2472;&#2463;&#2503;&#2439;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2489;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2465;&#2503;&#2482; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503; &#2472;&#2494; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2482;&#2503;&#2451; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480;&#2453;&#2503; &#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2495;&#2478;&#2494;&#2478; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2494; &#2477;&#2482;&#2495;&#2441;&#2478; &#2471;&#2480;&#2503; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2474;&#2503;&#2478;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503;&#2472;&#2404;<br>- &#2480;&#2503;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2503;&#2463;&#2480; &#2489;&#2495;&#2488;&#2503;&#2476;&#2503; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2459;&#2503; &#2458;&#2463;&#2509;&#2463;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2478; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2499;&#2474;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2537;&#2534; &#2476;&#2459;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2453;&#2495; &#2437;&#2472;&#2503;&#2453; &#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495; &#2470;&#2495;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2455;&#2503;&#2482;&#2507; &#2472;&#2494;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2537;&#2534; &#2476;&#2459;&#2480; &#2478;&#2503;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2470;&#2496; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2474;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495; &#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507;&#2480; &#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2503;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2494; &#2478;&#2494;&#2461;&#2494;&#2478;&#2494;&#2461;&#2495; (mid-range) &#2478;&#2503;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2470;&#2453;&#2494;&#2482;&#2404; &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503; &#2447;&#2453;&#2439; &#2471;&#2494;&#2433;&#2458;&#2503;&#2480; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2478;&#2503;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2470;&#2453;&#2494;&#2482;: &#2477;&#2494;&#2480;&#2468; &#2536;&#2534;&#2535;&#2542; - &#2478;&#2497;&#2478;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2439; &#2474;&#2507;&#2480;&#2509;&#2463; - &#2540;&#2534; &#2476;&#2459;&#2480;, &#2458;&#2496;&#2472; &#2536;&#2534;&#2534;&#2537; - &#2488;&#2494;&#2434;&#2489;&#2494;&#2439; &#2474;&#2507;&#2480;&#2509;&#2463; - &#2539;&#2534; &#2476;&#2459;&#2480;, &#2477;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2468;&#2472;&#2494;&#2478; &#2536;&#2534;&#2535;&#2534; - &#2453;&#2494;&#2439; &#2478;&#2503;&#2474; &#2474;&#2507;&#2480;&#2509;&#2463; - &#2539;&#2534; &#2476;&#2459;&#2480;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2472;&#2494;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455; &#2470;&#2482;&#2495;&#2482; &#2453;&#2503;&#2472; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2486; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503; &#2472;&#2494;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2486;&#2497;&#2471;&#2497; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486; &#2472;&#2494;, &#2453;&#2507;&#2472; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2439; &#2474;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2478;&#2498;&#2482; &#2470;&#2482;&#2495;&#2482; &#2460;&#2472;&#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2478;&#2497;&#2454;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2486; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503; &#2472;&#2494; &#2438;&#2439;&#2472;&#2455;&#2468; &#2488;&#2496;&#2478;&#2494;&#2476;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2467;&#2503;&#2404; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495; &#2453;&#2509;&#2480;&#2527;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495; &#2451; &#2474;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495; &#2455;&#2494;&#2439;&#2465;&#2482;&#2494;&#2439;&#2472; &#2437;&#2472;&#2497;&#2479;&#2494;&#2527;&#2496; &#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2486; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2470; &#2472;&#2527; &#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2467; &#2447;&#2463;&#2495; &#2477;&#2476;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2479;&#2510; &#2470;&#2480;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494;&#2527; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476; &#2475;&#2503;&#2482;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2404; &#2438;&#2478;&#2480;&#2494; &#2488;&#2476; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2486; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2475;&#2503;&#2482;&#2482;&#2503; &#2438;&#2455;&#2494;&#2478;&#2496; &#2488;&#2476; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2470;&#2480; &#2453;&#2487;&#2494;&#2453;&#2487;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2438;&#2478;&#2480;&#2494; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2453;&#2475;&#2497;&#2463;&#2503; &#2458;&#2482;&#2503; &#2479;&#2494;&#2476;&#2507;&#2404; &#2447;&#2459;&#2494;&#2465;&#2492;&#2494;&#2451; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2470;&#2482;&#2495;&#2482;&#2503; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2494;&#2527;&#2495;&#2453; &#2468;&#2469;&#2509;&#2479; &#2451; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2486;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2503; &#2479;&#2494; &#2455;&#2507;&#2474;&#2472;&#2496;&#2527;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2486;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468; &#2470;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2488;&#2497;&#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2495;&#2468; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2503;&#2404; &#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2434;&#2453;, ADB-&#2447;&#2480; &#2478;&#2468;&#2507; &#2488;&#2434;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507;&#2451; &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2486; &#2472;&#2494; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2476;&#2480;&#2434; &#2488;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494;&#2434;&#2486; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2486; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494;&#2480; &#2474;&#2480;&#2494;&#2478;&#2480;&#2509;&#2486; &#2470;&#2503;&#2527;&#2404; &#2447;&#2468;&#2503; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2468;&#2494; &#2476;&#2460;&#2494;&#2527; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2503;, &#2438;&#2476;&#2494;&#2480; &#2476;&#2503;&#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495; &#2437;&#2434;&#2486;&#2496;&#2470;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2455;&#2507;&#2474;&#2472;&#2496;&#2527;&#2468;&#2494; &#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2494;&#2451; &#2489;&#2527;&#2404; &#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494;&#2480; &#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2503;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503;&#2451; &#2447;&#2439; &#2488;&#2453;&#2482; &#2476;&#2495;&#2487;&#2527; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2479;&#2507;&#2460;&#2509;&#2479;&#2404; &#2460;&#2472;&#2455;&#2467;&#2503;&#2480; &#2437;&#2476;&#2489;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2455;&#2497;&#2480;&#2497;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467; &#2468;&#2469;&#2509;&#2479; (&#2479;&#2503;&#2478;&#2472;: &#2478;&#2494;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#2472;&#2494;, &#2438;&#2479;&#2492; &#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507;) &#2438;&#2478;&#2480;&#2494; &#2447;&#2480; &#2478;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503;&#2488; &#2476;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2475;&#2495;&#2434; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2486; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2459;&#2495; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2488;&#2494;&#2434;&#2476;&#2494;&#2470;&#2495;&#2453;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480;&#2451; &#2482;&#2495;&#2454;&#2495;&#2468; &#2460;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2495;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2463;&#2480; &#2476;&#2494;&#2459;&#2494;&#2439;&#2527;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494; &#2453;&#2495; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;/&#2438;&#2439;&#2472;&#2494;&#2472;&#2497;&#2455; &#2459;&#2495;&#2482;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2474;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495;&#2474;&#2495; &#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2478;&#2494;&#2482;&#2494;&#2480; &#2460;&#2495; &#2463;&#2497; &#2460;&#2495; &#2474;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2438;&#2482;&#2507;&#2453;&#2503; &#2463;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2465;&#2494;&#2480; &#2438;&#2489;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2472;, &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2453;-&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2509;&#2479;&#2468;&#2494; (PQ) &#2479;&#2494;&#2458;&#2494;&#2439;, &#2463;&#2503;&#2453;&#2472;&#2495;&#2453;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2482; &#2451; &#2475;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2488;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494;&#2482; &#2478;&#2498;&#2482;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2527;&#2472; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2465;&#2495;&#2441; &#2465;&#2495;&#2482;&#2495;&#2460;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2488; &#2447;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2478;&#2503; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2463;&#2480; &#2458;&#2498;&#2524;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2474;&#2497;&#2480;&#2507; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494;&#2527; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2468;&#2494; &#2472;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2458;&#2495;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2474;&#2503;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487; &#2463;&#2503;&#2453;&#2472;&#2495;&#2453;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2482; &#2437;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2465;&#2477;&#2494;&#2439;&#2460;&#2494;&#2480;, &#2438;&#2439;&#2472;&#2460;&#2496;&#2476;&#2496;, &#2453;&#2472;&#2488;&#2494;&#2482;&#2463;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463;&#2404; &#2455;&#2464;&#2472; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503; &#2438;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468; &#2478;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2467;&#2494;&#2482;&#2479;&#2492; &#2463;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2465;&#2494;&#2480; &#2453;&#2478;&#2495;&#2463;&#2495;&#2404; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2463;&#2495; &#2471;&#2494;&#2474;&#2503;&#2480; &#2437;&#2465;&#2495;&#2463;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2509;&#2479; &#2480;&#2503;&#2453;&#2480;&#2509;&#2465; &#2488;&#2434;&#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2467; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2438;&#2478;&#2480;&#2494; &#2453;&#2495; &#2486;&#2509;&#2480;&#2496;&#2482;&#2457;&#2509;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2474;&#2469;&#2503; &#2489;&#2494;&#2433;&#2463;&#2459;&#2495;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2486;&#2509;&#2480;&#2496;&#2482;&#2457;&#2509;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2489;&#2494;&#2478;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2472;&#2463;&#2507;&#2463;&#2494; &#2455;&#2477;&#2496;&#2480; &#2488;&#2478;&#2497;&#2470;&#2509;&#2480; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480; &#2458;&#2496;&#2472;&#2494; &#2443;&#2467;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2468;&#2404; &#2443;&#2467; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2486;&#2507;&#2471;&#2503; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469; &#2489;&#2451;&#2527;&#2494;&#2527; &#2536;&#2534;&#2535;&#2541; &#2488;&#2494;&#2482;&#2503; &#2486;&#2509;&#2480;&#2496;&#2482;&#2457;&#2509;&#2453;&#2494;&#2472; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2543;&#2543; &#2476;&#2459;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2458;&#2496;&#2472;&#2494; &#2453;&#2507;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495;&#2480; &#2453;&#2494;&#2459;&#2503; &#2453;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480;&#2507;&#2482;&#2495;&#2434; &#2439;&#2453;&#2497;&#2439;&#2463;&#2495; &#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2503;&#2453; &#2470;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503; &#2470;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479; &#2489;&#2527;&#2404; &#2489;&#2494;&#2478;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2472;&#2463;&#2507;&#2463;&#2494; &#2469;&#2503;&#2453;&#2503; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2486;&#2495;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2494; &#2489;&#2482; &#2479;&#2503; &#2437;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480;&#2495;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468; &#2443;&#2467;&#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2477;&#2480; &#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507; &#2451; &#2470;&#2497;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2482; &#2480;&#2495;&#2488;&#2509;&#2453; &#2486;&#2503;&#2527;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495;&#2434; &#2478;&#2465;&#2503;&#2482; &#2470;&#2496;&#2480;&#2509;&#2456;&#2478;&#2503;&#2527;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453;&#2480;&#2404; &#2438;&#2478;&#2480;&#2494; &#2451;&#2439; &#2474;&#2469;&#2503; &#2489;&#2494;&#2433;&#2463;&#2495;&#2472;&#2495;&#2404; &#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453; &#2480;&#2494;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2438;&#2455;&#2503;&#2439; &#2476;&#2482;&#2503;&#2459;&#2495; &#2447;&#2463;&#2495;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2438;&#2478;&#2480;&#2494; &#2453;&#2507;&#2472; &#2443;&#2467; &#2472;&#2503;&#2439;&#2472;&#2495;&#8212;&#2447;&#2463;&#2495; &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467;&#2480;&#2498;&#2474;&#2503; &#2447;&#2474;&#2495;&#2447;&#2478; &#2447;&#2480; &#2476;&#2495;&#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2507;&#2455;&#2404; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2463;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2475;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2494;&#2465;&#2495;, &#2480;&#2495;&#2488;&#2509;&#2453; &#2486;&#2503;&#2527;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495;&#2434;, &#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2488;&#2495; &#2461;&#2497;&#2433;&#2453;&#2495; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2474;&#2472;&#2494; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2503;&#2474;-&#2439;&#2472; &#2480;&#2494;&#2439;&#2463;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2468;&#2507; &#2476;&#2495;&#2487;&#2527;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507; &#2488;&#2509;&#2474;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2467; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;, &#2479;&#2494;&#2468;&#2503; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507; &#2463;&#2503;&#2453;&#2488;&#2439; &#2451; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2503;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2463;&#2480; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469; &#2489;&#2482;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2477;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455; &#2453;&#2480;&#2482;&#2503; &#2453;&#2495; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2475;&#2480;&#2478;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2488;-&#2477;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; KPI, &#2480;&#2503;&#2478;&#2503;&#2465;&#2495; &#2451; &#2474;&#2503;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2509;&#2463;&#2495;&#2480; &#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494;, &#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2503;&#2474;-&#2439;&#2472; &#2480;&#2494;&#2439;&#2463;, &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2503;&#2486;&#2472; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2489;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2465;-&#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2453;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2468;&#2507; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2477;&#2495;&#2486;&#2472; &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;&#2509;&#2477;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2503;, &#2479;&#2494; &#2460;&#2472;&#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469; &#2488;&#2497;&#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2494;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2437;&#2468;&#2509;&#2479;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468; &#2455;&#2497;&#2480;&#2497;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467;&#2404; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2463;&#2480; &#2458;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2477;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455; &#2453;&#2480;&#2482;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2486;&#2495;&#2468; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2475;&#2480;&#2478;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2488; &#2470;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469; &#2489;&#2482;&#2503; &#2447;&#2488;&#2476; &#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2437;&#2472;&#2497;&#2479;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2496; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2476;&#2494; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2499;&#2474;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2479;&#2492;&#2507;&#2460;&#2472;&#2496;&#2527; &#2488;&#2478;&#2527;&#2503; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2458;&#2494;&#2482;&#2472;&#2494;&#2527; &#2489;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2503;&#2474; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2476;&#2495;&#2453;&#2482;&#2509;&#2474; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2474;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2441;&#2470;&#2509;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455; &#2472;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2476;&#2495;&#2470;&#2509;&#2479;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507; &#2488;&#2478;&#2488;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494; &#2472;&#2494; &#2478;&#2495;&#2463;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503; &#2472;&#2468;&#2497;&#2472; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2453;&#2503;&#2472;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507;&#2468;&#2503; &#2465;&#2495;&#2460;&#2495;&#2463;&#2494;&#2439;&#2460;&#2503;&#2486;&#2472;, &#2439;&#2527;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2465; &#2480;&#2495;&#2465;&#2495;&#2460;&#2494;&#2439;&#2472;, &#2455;&#2503;&#2463; &#2437;&#2474;&#2509;&#2463;&#2495;&#2478;&#2494;&#2439;&#2460;&#2503;&#2486;&#2472;, &#2453;&#2472;&#2463;&#2503;&#2439;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2474;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2488;&#2434;&#2488;&#2509;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2458;&#2482;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2470;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503; &#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494;&#2527; &#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2472;&#2463;&#2503;&#2439;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2479;&#2507;&#2455; &#2489;&#2482;&#2503; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2486;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2495;&#2468;&#2494; &#2476;&#2494;&#2465;&#2492;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480; &#2437;&#2476;&#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507;&#2480; &#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2467;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2478;&#2468;&#2494; &#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495; &#2451; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2468;&#2494; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2527;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2476;&#2495;&#2453;&#2482;&#2509;&#2474; &#2472;&#2503;&#2439;&#2404; &#2468;&#2494;&#2439; &#2447;&#2453; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2482;&#2509;&#2474;&#2463;&#2495; &#2447;&#2453;&#2439; &#2488;&#2494;&#2469;&#2503; &#2476;&#2463;&#2482;&#2472;&#2503;&#2453; &#2480;&#2495;&#2478;&#2497;&#2477;&#2494;&#2482; &#2451; &#2472;&#2468;&#2497;&#2472; &#2488;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2478;&#2468;&#2494; &#2476;&#2499;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2495;&#2480; &#2453;&#2494;&#2460; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2488;&#2476;&#2453;&#2495;&#2459;&#2497; &#2447;&#2468; &#2468;&#2494;&#2465;&#2492;&#2494;&#2468;&#2494;&#2465;&#2492;&#2495; &#2489;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503; &#2453;&#2503;&#2472;&#2507;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2438;&#2486;&#2509;&#2458;&#2480;&#2509;&#2479;! &#2488;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2496;&#2476;&#2472; &#2486;&#2497;&#2472;&#2482;&#2494;&#2478; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495; &#2437;&#2475;&#2495;&#2488; &#2466;&#2495;&#2482;&#2494;&#2404; &#2465;&#2503;&#2477;&#2482;&#2474;&#2478;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2460;&#2503;&#2453;&#2509;&#2463; &#2488;&#2478;&#2479;&#2492;&#2478;&#2468;&#2507; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2482;&#2503; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486; &#2472;&#2494;&#2453;&#2495; &#2453;&#2507;&#2469;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2458;&#2482;&#2503; &#2479;&#2503;&#2468;&#2507;! &#2447;&#2454;&#2472; &#2479;&#2454;&#2472; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2495;&#2459;&#2497; &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2467; &#2437;&#2475;&#2495;&#2488;&#2494;&#2480; &#2482;&#2503;&#2460;&#2494;&#2480; &#2475;&#2507;&#2453;&#2494;&#2488; &#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2470;&#2495;&#2472;&#2480;&#2494;&#2468; &#2454;&#2503;&#2463;&#2503; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2494; &#2476;&#2465;&#2492; &#2453;&#2494;&#2460; &#2447;&#2455;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2455;&#2503;&#2482;&#2507;, &#2468;&#2454;&#2472;&#2468;&#2507; &#2488;&#2476;&#2494;&#2480; &#2476;&#2482;&#2494; &#2441;&#2458;&#2495;&#2468;, &#8220;&#2470;&#2503; &#2478;&#2503;&#2465; &#2438;&#2488; &#2475;&#2509;&#2482;&#2494;&#2439;!!&#8221; &#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2507; &#2488;&#2494;&#2469;&#2503; &#2478;&#2495;&#2482; &#2454;&#2497;&#2433;&#2460;&#2476;&#2503;&#2472; &#2472;&#2494;&#2404; &#2448;&#2463;&#2494; &#2453;&#2494;&#2453;&#2468;&#2494;&#2482;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2460;&#2494;&#2468;&#2496;&#2527; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2503;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503; &#2453;&#2507;&#2472; &#2461;&#2497;&#2433;&#2453;&#2495; &#2468;&#2504;&#2480;&#2495; &#2489;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503; &#2453;&#2495;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2472;&#2508;&#2476;&#2494;&#2489;&#2495;&#2472;&#2496;, &#2453;&#2507;&#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2455;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2465;, &#2439;&#2478;&#2495;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503;&#2486;&#2472;, &#2453;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2478;&#2488;&#2488;&#2489; &#2488;&#2434;&#2486;&#2509;&#2482;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463; &#2488;&#2476; &#2488;&#2434;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2480; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2463;&#2507;&#2453;&#2482; &#2479;&#2469;&#2494;&#2480;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495; &#2476;&#2482;&#2476;&#2510; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494; &#2453;&#2472;&#2463;&#2503;&#2439;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2447;&#2439; &#2472;&#2503;&#2463;&#2451;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2453;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2503;&#2439; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2463; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2447;&#2459;&#2494;&#2524;&#2494;, &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2503; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2489;&#2499;&#2468; &#2488;&#2476; &#2471;&#2480;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2451; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2486;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494;&#2527; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2437;&#2472;&#2497;&#2478;&#2507;&#2470;&#2495;&#2468; &#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2465;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2465; &#2437;&#2472;&#2497;&#2479;&#2494;&#2527;&#2496; &#2465;&#2503;&#2463;&#2494; &#2482;&#2507;&#2453;&#2494;&#2482;&#2494;&#2439;&#2460;&#2503;&#2486;&#2472;, &#2488;&#2494;&#2439;&#2476;&#2494;&#2480; &#2488;&#2495;&#2453;&#2495;&#2441;&#2480;&#2495;&#2463;&#2495; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;, &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2453;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2465; &#2488;&#2509;&#2453;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2472;&#2495;&#2434; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2437;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2453;&#2509;&#2488;&#2503;&#2488; &#2453;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480;&#2507;&#2482; &#2478;&#2503;&#2453;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495;&#2460;&#2478; &#2472;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2458;&#2495;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404; &#2447;&#2439; &#2474;&#2497;&#2480;&#2507; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2474;&#2472;&#2494;&#2439; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2509;&#2479;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487; &#2468;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2476;&#2471;&#2494;&#2472; &#2451; &#2458;&#2498;&#2524;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468; &#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2467;&#2494;&#2471;&#2496;&#2472; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2476;&#2503;, &#2475;&#2482;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494; &#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503; &#2441;&#2470;&#2509;&#2476;&#2503;&#2455;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2507;&#2472;&#2507; &#2488;&#2497;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455; &#2472;&#2503;&#2439;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2488;&#2476; &#2478;&#2495;&#2482;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2495; &#2482;&#2494;&#2477; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>- &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495; &#2476;&#2459;&#2480; &#2437;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480;&#2495;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468; &#2542; &#2482;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487; TEU &#2471;&#2494;&#2480;&#2467;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2478;&#2468;&#2494; &#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503;, &#2479;&#2494; &#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472; &#2488;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2478;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2468;&#2497;&#2482;&#2472;&#2494;&#2527; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2527; &#2538;&#2538;% &#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495;&#2404;<br>- &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495; &#2439;&#2441;&#2472;&#2495;&#2463;&#2503; &#2474;&#2467;&#2509;&#2479; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2476;&#2489;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2454;&#2480;&#2458; &#2453;&#2478;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404;<br>- &#2438;&#2478;&#2470;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495; - &#2480;&#2474;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495; &#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2497;&#2468;&#2468;&#2480; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404;<br>- &#2447;&#2454;&#2472;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2468;&#2497;&#2482;&#2472;&#2494;&#2527; &#2470;&#2509;&#2476;&#2495;&#2455;&#2497;&#2467; &#2476;&#2524; &#2453;&#2472;&#2463;&#2503;&#2439;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480; &#2460;&#2494;&#2489;&#2494;&#2460; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480;&#2503; &#2477;&#2495;&#2524;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404;<br>- &#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476;&#2503;&#2480; &#2470;&#2498;&#2480;&#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2496; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507;&#2480; &#2488;&#2494;&#2469;&#2503; &#2488;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2503; &#2488;&#2480;&#2494;&#2488;&#2480;&#2495; &#2460;&#2494;&#2489;&#2494;&#2460; &#2488;&#2434;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2497;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2478;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503;<br>- &#2539;&#2534;&#2534;-&#2541;&#2534;&#2534; &#2488;&#2480;&#2494;&#2488;&#2480;&#2495; &#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2472;&#2496;&#2527; &#2453;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2488;&#2434;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2472; &#2468;&#2504;&#2480;&#2495; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2494;&#2467; &#2451; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2458;&#2494;&#2482;&#2472;&#2494; &#2474;&#2480;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2527;&#2503;&#2404; &#2489;&#2494;&#2460;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480;&#2451; &#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2496; &#2474;&#2480;&#2507;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487; &#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2472;&#2496;&#2527; &#2453;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2488;&#2434;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2472; &#2488;&#2499;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2495; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2476;&#2489;&#2472;, &#2482;&#2460;&#2495;&#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2495;&#2453;&#2488; &#2451; &#2476;&#2499;&#2489;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480; &#2488;&#2494;&#2474;&#2509;&#2482;&#2494;&#2439; &#2458;&#2503;&#2439;&#2472;&#2503;&#2404;<br>- &#2447;&#2474;&#2495;&#2447;&#2478; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482;&#2488;&#2503;&#2480; &#2472;&#2495;&#2460;&#2488;&#2509;&#2476; &#2463;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503;&#2472;&#2495;&#2434; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2507;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2478;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2478;&#2503; &#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2472;&#2496;&#2527; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2508;&#2486;&#2482;&#2496; &#2451; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2474;&#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2495;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2467; &#2474;&#2494;&#2476;&#2503;&#2472;&#2404;<br>- &#2465;&#2495;&#2460;&#2495;&#2463;&#2494;&#2482; &#2463;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494;&#2482; &#2437;&#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2486;&#2472; &#2488;&#2495;&#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2503;&#2478;, LEAN &#2474;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471;&#2468;&#2495; &#2451; FLOW Framework-&#2447;&#2480; &#2478;&#2494;&#2471;&#2509;&#2479;&#2478;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2451; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2468;&#2494; &#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2472;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503;&#2404;<br>- &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2469;&#2478; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2476;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2471;&#2476; &#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2496;&#2472; &#2474;&#2507;&#2480;&#2509;&#2463; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503; &#2447;&#2463;&#2495;&#2404;<br><br><strong>&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2486;&#2509;&#2472;: &#2468;&#2494;&#2489;&#2482;&#2503; &#2453;&#2495;&#2459;&#2497; &#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2497;&#2487; &#2447;&#2468; &#2489;&#2494;&#2441; &#2478;&#2494;&#2441; &#2453;&#2494;&#2441; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503; &#2453;&#2503;&#2472;&#2507;?</strong><br><br><strong>&#2441;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;: </strong>&#2447;&#2453;&#2470;&#2482; &#2438;&#2459;&#2503;&#2472;, &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2458;&#2479;&#2492; &#2470;&#2503;&#2472; &#8216;&#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2503;&#2487;&#2460;&#2509;&#2462;&#8217; &#2476;&#2482;&#2503; &#2453;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2497; &#2438;&#2488;&#2482;&#2503; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#8216;&#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2503;&#2487; &#2437;&#2460;&#2509;&#2462;&#8217;&#2404; &#2474;&#2465;&#2492;&#2494;&#2482;&#2503;&#2454;&#2494; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2472; &#2472;&#2494;&#2404; &#2460;&#2496;&#2476;&#2472;&#2503; PPP &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2460;&#2503;&#2453;&#2509;&#2463; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2472; &#2472;&#2494;&#2439;&#2404; &#2447; &#2476;&#2495;&#2487;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2453;&#2507;&#2472;&#2507; &#2437;&#2477;&#2495;&#2460;&#2509;&#2462;&#2468;&#2494; &#2472;&#2494;&#2439;&#2404; &#2475;&#2463;&#2507;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2465; &#2470;&#2503;&#2454;&#2503; &#2453;&#2478;&#2503;&#2472;&#2509;&#2463; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2472;&#2404; &#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2477;&#2497;&#2482;&#2477;&#2494;&#2482; &#2482;&#2503;&#2454;&#2503;&#2472;&#2404; &#8220;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486; &#2471;&#2509;&#2476;&#2434;&#2488;&#8221;, &#8220;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486; &#2476;&#2495;&#2453;&#2509;&#2480;&#2495; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503; &#2479;&#2494;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503;&#8221; &#2439;&#2468;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2470;&#2495; &#2476;&#2482;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2460;&#2503;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2477;&#2495;&#2441; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2494; &#2476;&#2494;&#2465;&#2492;&#2494;&#2472;&#2404;<br>&#2438;&#2480;&#2503;&#2453;&#2470;&#2482; &#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2470;&#2480; &#2469;&#2503;&#2453;&#2503; &#2458;&#2494;&#2433;&#2470;&#2494; &#2468;&#2497;&#2482;&#2468;&#2503;&#2472;&#2404; &#2470;&#2497;&#2480;&#2509;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503;&#2472;&#2404; &#2468;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2472; &#2454;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494;&#2474;&#2404; &#2447;&#2454;&#2472; &#2476;&#2495;&#2477;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472; &#2437;&#2460;&#2497;&#2489;&#2494;&#2468;&#2503; &#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2468;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469; &#2480;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2472;&#2503;&#2478;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2472;&#2404;<br>&#2438;&#2480;&#2503;&#2453;&#2470;&#2482;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2469;&#2494; &#2438;&#2474;&#2472;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2488;&#2476;&#2494;&#2439; &#2460;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503;&#2472;&#2404;<br><br>&#2474;&#2497;&#2472;&#2486;&#2509;&#2458;: &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2480; &#2488;&#2489;&#2453;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2496;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2437;&#2472;&#2503;&#2453; &#2471;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2494;&#2470;&#2404; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2480; &#2479;&#2454;&#2472; &#2476;&#2479;&#2492;&#2488; &#2489;&#2476;&#2503;, &#2482;&#2494;&#2464;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2477;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2482;&#2494;&#2482;&#2470;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2494;&#2468;&#2503; &#2489;&#2494;&#2433;&#2463;&#2468;&#2503; &#2489;&#2494;&#2433;&#2463;&#2468;&#2503; &#2438;&#2478;&#2495; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2480; &#2472;&#2494;&#2468;&#2472;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503; &#2455;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2454;&#2494;&#2468;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2480;&#2476;&#2507; &#2479;&#2503; &#2458;&#2463;&#2509;&#2463;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2494;&#2478;&#2503;&#2480; - &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2447;&#2439; &#2437;&#2476;&#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507;&#2455;&#2468; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472; &#2438;&#2478;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2453;&#2482;&#2503;&#2480; &#2458;&#2503;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492; &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2477;&#2476; &#2489;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2459;&#2495;&#2482;&#2507;&#2404;</p><div><hr></div><pre><code><code>Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are the author&#8217;s own and do not necessarily reflect The Insighta&#8217;s editorial stance. However, any errors in the stated facts or figures may be corrected if supported by verifiable evidence.</code></code></pre>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[নগদ নেই, দুর্নীতি নেই]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2468;&#2503; &#2470;&#2497;&#2439; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2468;&#2494;- &#2455;&#2480;&#2495;&#2476;&#2503;&#2480; &#2489;&#2494;&#2468;&#2503; &#2482;&#2497;&#2453;&#2494;&#2472;&#2507; &#2472;&#2455;&#2470;, &#2471;&#2472;&#2496;&#2480; &#2474;&#2497;&#2433;&#2460;&#2495; &#2476;&#2495;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2404; &#2438;&#2471;&#2497;&#2472;&#2495;&#2453; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2451; &#2465;&#2495;&#2460;&#2495;&#2463;&#2494;&#2482; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2434;&#2453;&#2495;&#2434;&#2527;&#2503; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2527;&#2472;&#2455;&#2482;&#2509;&#2474; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2468;&#2509;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476;&#2503;&#2451; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486; &#2480;&#2527;&#2503; &#2455;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503; &#2472;&#2455;&#2470;&#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2477;&#2480;, &#2479;&#2503;&#2454;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503; &#2438;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2468;&#2494; &#2447;&#2454;&#2472;&#2507; &#2437;&#2471;&#2480;&#2494;&#2404;]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/p/4b0</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://theinsighta.com/p/4b0</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Insighta]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2025 04:54:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G8Xh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff18045ce-89f1-4f77-b7bd-228b3773d66c_1429x952.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bangladesh&#8217;s economy runs on contradictions&#8212;the poor hide cash, the rich move it abroad. Despite flashy digital slogans, banking remains slow, opaque, and resistant to reform. &#8220;Cashless Bangladesh&#8221; is still more illusion than reality.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495; &#2447;&#2454;&#2472;&#2507; &#2472;&#2455;&#2470;&#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2477;&#2480;&#2404; &#2455;&#2480;&#2496;&#2476;&#2503;&#2480; &#2489;&#2494;&#2468;&#2503; &#2477;&#2494;&#2433;&#2460; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2463;&#2494;&#2453;&#2494;, &#2471;&#2472;&#2496;&#2480; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469; &#2476;&#2495;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503; &#2474;&#2494;&#2458;&#2494;&#2480;&#2404; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2434;&#2453;&#2495;&#2434; &#2488;&#2495;&#2488;&#2509;&#2463;&#2503;&#2478;&#2503; &#2465;&#2495;&#2460;&#2495;&#2463;&#2494;&#2482; &#2437;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2455;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2455;&#2482;&#2509;&#2474; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2482;&#2503;&#2451; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2468;&#2494; &#2486;&#2494;&#2478;&#2497;&#2453;&#2455;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2437;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2474; &#2438;&#2480; &#2488;&#2496;&#2478;&#2495;&#2468; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2495;&#2468;&#2494;&#2404; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2537;&#2534;-&#2538;&#2534; &#2486;&#2468;&#2494;&#2434;&#2486; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469; &#2447;&#2454;&#2472;&#2507; &#2453;&#2480;&#2476;&#2495;&#2489;&#2496;&#2472; &#2453;&#2494;&#2482;&#2507; &#2482;&#2503;&#2472;&#2470;&#2503;&#2472;&#2503; &#2456;&#2497;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2472;&#2455;&#2470; &#2482;&#2503;&#2472;&#2470;&#2503;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495; &#2471;&#2472;&#2496; &#2451; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476;&#2486;&#2494;&#2482;&#2496; &#2486;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503;&#2467;&#2495; &#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495; &#2438;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2489;&#2496;, &#2479;&#2494; 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&#2438;&#2480;&#2503;&#2453; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2471;&#2503;&#2453; &#2472;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2458;&#2495;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2463;&#2494;&#2439; &#2479;&#2503;&#2472; &#2488;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2503;&#2404;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G8Xh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff18045ce-89f1-4f77-b7bd-228b3773d66c_1429x952.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G8Xh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff18045ce-89f1-4f77-b7bd-228b3773d66c_1429x952.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G8Xh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff18045ce-89f1-4f77-b7bd-228b3773d66c_1429x952.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G8Xh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff18045ce-89f1-4f77-b7bd-228b3773d66c_1429x952.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G8Xh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff18045ce-89f1-4f77-b7bd-228b3773d66c_1429x952.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G8Xh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff18045ce-89f1-4f77-b7bd-228b3773d66c_1429x952.jpeg" width="1429" height="952" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Illustration by <em>The Insighta</em> with AI</figcaption></figure></div><p>&#2447;&#2476;&#2494;&#2480; &#2438;&#2488;&#2495; &#2488;&#2434;&#2454;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2527;&#2404; &#2478;&#2494;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480; &#2537;&#2539; &#2486;&#2468;&#2494;&#2434;&#2486; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495;&#2480; &#2489;&#2494;&#2468;&#2503; &#2438;&#2459;&#2503; &#2438;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2495;&#2453; &#2489;&#2495;&#2488;&#2494;&#2476;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2494;&#2471;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;, &#2479;&#2503;&#2454;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503; 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&#2463;&#2507;&#2453;&#2494; &#2470;&#2495;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503;, &#2438;&#2478;&#2480;&#2494; &#2447;&#2454;&#2472;&#2507; &#2472;&#2507;&#2463;&#2503; &#2455;&#2497;&#2472;&#2459;&#2495;&#2404; &#2472;&#2455;&#2470;&#2476;&#2495;&#2489;&#2496;&#2472; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;? &#2477;&#2494;&#2482;&#2507; &#2488;&#2509;&#2482;&#2507;&#2455;&#2494;&#2472;&#2404; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2468;&#2494; &#2489;&#2482;&#2507;, &#2438;&#2478;&#2480;&#2494; &#2455;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2457;&#2509;&#2455;&#2503; &#2472;&#2455;&#2470;&#2474;&#2498;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467;, &#2488;&#2499;&#2460;&#2472;&#2486;&#2496;&#2482;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476;&#2503; &#2470;&#2497;&#2480;&#2509;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;, &#2438;&#2480; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2494;&#2486;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476;&#2503; &#2476;&#2507;&#2453;&#2494;&#2488;&#2507;&#2453;&#2494;&#2404;</p><div><hr></div><p><em><strong>About the Author:</strong></em></p><p><em>The writer Mahtab Uddin Ahmed is the president of the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh and founder of BuildCon Consultancies.</em></p><div><hr></div><pre><code>Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article have originally been published to authors&#8217; social media handle precisely in Facebook. The comment and views are the author&#8217;s own and do not necessarily reflect The Insighta&#8217;s editorial stance. However, any errors in the stated facts or figures may be corrected if supported by verifiable evidence.</code></pre>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA['Economy on the Line, Politics Looks Away']]></title><description><![CDATA[Bangladesh&#8217;s RMG sector, like Arachne&#8217;s weaving, is its strength yet vulnerable. Despite US tariff risks, politics fixates on power, neglecting economic issues and needed public literacy.]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/p/economy-on-the-line-politics-looks</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://theinsighta.com/p/economy-on-the-line-politics-looks</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Jahidul Islam]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 08:55:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2470;&#2482;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507; &#2460;&#2497;&#2482;&#2494;&#2439; &#2455;&#2467;&#2437;&#2477;&#2509;&#2479;&#2497;&#2468;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2474;&#2480; &#2469;&#2503;&#2453;&#2503; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2469;&#2494;&#2480; &#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507;&#2455;&#2468; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2472; &#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503;&#2439; &#2476;&#2503;&#2486;&#2495; &#2438;&#2482;&#2494;&#2474;-&#2438;&#2482;&#2507;&#2458;&#2472;&#2494; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2447;&#2439; &#2488;&#2478;&#2527;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2439;&#2488;&#2509;&#2479;&#2497;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507;&#2468;&#2503; &#2468;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2468;&#2503;&#2478;&#2472; &#2453;&#2507;&#2472; &#2468;&#2510;&#2474;&#2480;&#2468;&#2494; &#2458;&#2507;&#2454;&#2503; &#2474;&#2524;&#2503;&#2472;&#2495;&#2404; &#2479;&#2497;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;&#2494;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480; &#2453;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2499;&#2453; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2441;&#2474;&#2480; &#2486;&#2497;&#2482;&#2509;&#2453; &#2438;&#2480;&#2507;&#2474; &#2439;&#2488;&#2509;&#2479;&#2497;&#2468;&#2503; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2470;&#2482;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507;&#2480; &#2477;&#2498;&#2478;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494; &#2459;&#2495;&#2482; &#2437;&#2472;&#2503;&#2453;&#2463;&#2494; &#2472;&#2496;&#2480;&#2476; &#2470;&#2480;&#2509;&#2486;&#2453;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2468;&#2507;&#2404; &#2447;&#2439; &#2437;&#2472;&#2494;&#2455;&#2509;&#2480;&#2489; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2488;&#2494;&#2469;&#2503; &#2437;&#2480;&#2509;&#2469;&#2472;&#2496;&#2468;&#2495;&#2480; &#2470;&#2497;&#2480;&#2468;&#2509;&#2476; &#2468;&#2504;&#2480;&#2495; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503; &#2479;&#2494; &#2477;&#2476;&#2495;&#2487;&#2509;&#2479;&#2468;&#2503;&#2480; &#2460;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479; &#2441;&#2470;&#2509;&#2476;&#2503;&#2455;&#2460;&#2472;&#2453;&#2404;</p><div><hr></div><p>The current situation of Bangladesh&#8217;s RMG sector reminds us of the Greek mythological rivalry between Arachne and Athena. Arachne was a great weaver- even gods were unmatched by her. One day, Arachne boastfully challenged the goddess Athena to a weaving contest, and Athena lost the competition as Arachne made a spectacular tapestry surpassing the skill of the goddess. This enraged Athena. Out of anger, she tore the beautiful tapestry of Arachne and transformed her into a human-like spider.</p><p>Similarly, Bangladesh&#8217;s greatest economic strength is, metaphorically, the weaving skill, which has put us at the mercy of a mighty force. The RMG sector is the country&#8217;s economic heart. For many years, Bangladesh has been a leading RMG exporter around the world. However, the currently imposed 35% US tariff was about to squeeze its energy out, but as of now, we have managed to settle at 20% after rounds of negotiation with the USA. If this sector fell, there are solid grounds to conclude that the country would immediately lapse into economic chaos.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1019009,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://theinsighta.com/i/172239186?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XKrM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104883b-3322-4f4c-abac-e6a19c15cb33_1456x971.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Illustration by <em>The Insighta</em> with AI</figcaption></figure></div><p>Surprisingly, during this negotiation, political parties had hardly addressed the issues in their political efforts except BNP. <a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/bnp-ready-work-govt-us-tariff-security-issues-khosru-3949371">BNP sat for a meeting</a> with the business leaders and pledged to help the government in negotiation talks with the USA. NCP, Jamaat-e-Islami, and other prominent political parties, in their fierce speeches and bustling political activities, scarcely talked about the issue. After the reduction of the tariff, political parties just <a href="https://bdnews24.com/business/5334c5a93755">lauded Trump</a> customarily, and some demanded to disclose the negotiation points.</p><p>Not only this issue- other economic issues are also overlooked by the political parties. Since the 5th of August 2024, we haven&#8217;t heard much from the political parties about how they are going to reshape the country&#8217;s economy or what their plan is for the economy. Political parties are more concerned with the reformation of the constitution, voting system, and other political institutions, but seem &#8216;not interested&#8217; in the country&#8217;s economy, as if the economy were not part of politics. Their debates and attention are all about political matters. The student leaders and Islamist parties, eager to join in the statecraft through the upcoming election, are silent about their economic propositions to the mass people. We still have no idea what they offer us economically, though we know relatively a lot about their political propositions. Moreover, their political discourse holds very little about the country&#8217;s economic situation. Their demands and points of movement do not address the economic issues the country is facing. This situation is deeply unfortunate for a country that emerged as a separate, independent nation- according to many- because of the &#8216;Six-Point Movement,&#8217; whose major demands were related to East-Pakistan&#8217;s economy and which is often regarded as the country&#8217;s &#8216;Magna Carta&#8217;. But today&#8217;s silence is daunting.</p><p>Some statistics will delineate the situation vividly. According to <a href="https://carnegieendowment.org/features/global-protest-tracker?lang=en">Global Protest Tracker</a>, as of the date of writing, 902 protests are ongoing around the world, of which 320 protests- in other words, more than 35%- are related to the economy. More interestingly, among those 320 protests, 170- more than half of them- are somehow connected to political parties. <a href="https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/usa/19020.pdf#page=30.04">A study</a> that gathered data from 2006 to 2020 on the key protest issues of the 21st century found that &#8216;grievances over economic injustice&#8217; caused the second-highest number of protests around the world. South Asia, where now more than 1.6 billion people live, saw the <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=8S">lowest number of protests</a>- only 16- regarding economic issues, while the highest number was 120 in the <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=Z7">Europe and Central Asia </a>region, where now more than 928 million people live. This gives us a glimpse that economic issues are less converted into matters of protest in this region; in other words, economic issues are less of a matter of politics here.</p><p>Similarly, Bangladesh&#8217;s economic issues are often overlooked by the politicians, though it is one of the sufferers of high economic injustice among other countries in the globe. Ironically, in this very country, the demand for fair employment caused a 15-year-long autocracy to fall, which further implies the necessity of political attention to economic matters.</p><p>This relative silence of the political parties about the economic arena is keeping the people unaware of the fragile economic condition of the state. It is presumed that economic literacy is very low among the populace. This disables people from making informed economic decisions in their everyday life, impacting the country&#8217;s overall macroeconomic condition negatively. Political parties, hence, should be more vocal about economic matters and promote economic literacy among the people.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>About the Author:</em></p><p><em>Jahidul Islam is an activist and an MSS student in Government and Politics at Jahangirnagar University.<strong> </strong>He can be reached at jahidmn3@gmail.com</em></p><div><hr></div><pre><code><code>Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect The Insighta's editorial stance. However, any errors in the stated facts or figures may be corrected if supported by verifiable evidence.</code></code></pre>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bangladesh Breaks 20-Year Trend: Spice Prices Drop Before Eid-ul-Adha ]]></title><description><![CDATA[For the first time in two decades, spice prices have dropped ahead of Eid-ul-Adha in Bangladesh. Traders cite easier imports, dismantled syndicates, and stable supply for this surprising trend.]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/p/bangladesh-breaks-20-year-trend-spice</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://theinsighta.com/p/bangladesh-breaks-20-year-trend-spice</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[The Insighta]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 05 Jun 2025 14:55:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbs3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f219cc-53bb-4d7a-ba57-eaa872a5b0f7_1456x952.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><hr></div><p><em>&#2470;&#2497;&#2439; &#2470;&#2486;&#2453;&#2503; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2469;&#2478;&#2476;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2468;&#2507; &#2453;&#2507;&#2480;&#2476;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495;&#2480; &#2440;&#2470;&#2503;&#2480; &#2438;&#2455;&#2503; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503; &#2478;&#2488;&#2482;&#2494;&#2480; &#2470;&#2494;&#2478; &#2453;&#2478;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2438;&#2478;&#2470;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495;&#2480; &#2488;&#2497;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;, &#2488;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2465;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503;&#2463; &#2477;&#2494;&#2457;&#2472;, &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2474;&#2480;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2474;&#2509;&#2468; &#2488;&#2480;&#2476;&#2480;&#2494;&#2489;&#2503;&#2480; &#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2467;&#2503; &#2447;&#2439; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2472; &#2447;&#2488;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503; &#2476;&#2482;&#2503; &#2460;&#2494;&#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2472; &#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2476;&#2488;&#2494;&#2479;&#2492;&#2496;&#2480;&#2494;&#2404; &#2477;&#2507;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480;&#2494; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2486; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2472;&#2404;</em></p><div><hr></div><p>Retailers and consumers in Bangladesh are pleased to see a drop in prices for most spices before Eid-ul-Adha. &#8220;Except for cardamom, all other prices have gone down this year,&#8221; a local shopkeeper told <em>The Insighta</em>. Consumers also shared the same observation, noting that prices usually rise during <em>Qurbani</em>, the annual Muslim ritual of animal sacrifice.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://theinsighta.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Spices are essential for meat dishes during Eid-ul-Adha, one of the two main Muslim festivals. As a result, <a href="https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/prices-eid-essentials-spike-back-increased-demand-lax-monitoring-877111">the demand for spices typically increases across the country in the weeks leading up to the celebration.</a></p><p>In previous years, dishonest traders and market syndicates would take advantage of this increased demand to raise prices. But this year has been different. Instead of price hikes, most spice prices have dropped &#8212; bringing welcome relief to shoppers.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbs3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f219cc-53bb-4d7a-ba57-eaa872a5b0f7_1456x952.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbs3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f219cc-53bb-4d7a-ba57-eaa872a5b0f7_1456x952.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbs3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f219cc-53bb-4d7a-ba57-eaa872a5b0f7_1456x952.jpeg 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27f219cc-53bb-4d7a-ba57-eaa872a5b0f7_1456x952.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:952,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:233580,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://theinsighta.com/i/165273024?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f219cc-53bb-4d7a-ba57-eaa872a5b0f7_1456x952.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbs3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f219cc-53bb-4d7a-ba57-eaa872a5b0f7_1456x952.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbs3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f219cc-53bb-4d7a-ba57-eaa872a5b0f7_1456x952.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbs3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f219cc-53bb-4d7a-ba57-eaa872a5b0f7_1456x952.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xbs3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27f219cc-53bb-4d7a-ba57-eaa872a5b0f7_1456x952.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo: Illustration by <em>The Insighta</em></figcaption></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>A Record-Breaking Price Drop</strong></p><p>Market experts say this is the first time in at least 20 years that prices have dropped before Eid. A comparison of retail prices for 10 common spices shows a clear trend. Prices from June 13, 2024 (before last year&#8217;s Eid) are compared with those from June 3, 2025. You can see the details in the chart titled Spice Price Comparison (2024 vs 2025).</p><p>Only cardamom saw a price increase &#8212; from Tk 3,800/kg last year to Tk 4,200&#8211;4,600/kg this year. All other spices show a drop in prices, breaking a two-decade trend of pre-Eid inflation.</p><p>It&#8217;s worth noting that the 2024 prices were obtained from various local <a href="https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/aa66101d58c0">newspapers</a>, while the 2025 prices were collected directly from grocery shops in Lohagara Upazila, Chattogram, and the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) <a href="https://tcb.gov.bd/">website</a>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sKHw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sKHw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sKHw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sKHw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sKHw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sKHw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png" width="1456" height="844" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:844,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sKHw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sKHw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sKHw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sKHw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57447bf9-63d9-465d-bb07-fc58b014bd6d_1600x928.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Retailers Confirm Widespread Price Drops</strong></p><p>Mohammad Delwar, owner of Makkah Store, a grocery shop in Lohagara, Chattogram, told <em>The Insighta</em> that the prices of almost all spices have decreased this year. &#8220;Only cardamom prices are on the higher side. Other spices are stable,&#8221; he added.</p><p>Zamir Uddin, a salesman at Momtaz Store in the same area, shared a similar view. &#8220;Almost all spice prices have dropped this year. For example, last year we sold onions at Tk 160&#8211;170 per kg, but this year we&#8217;re selling them at Tk 60&#8211;65. Prices of almost all items have decreased like this.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Consumers Welcome the Price Relief</strong></p><p>Consumers have expressed surprise and relief at the price drop, calling it a welcome change from previous years.</p><p>Ali Ahmad, a shopper, said, &#8220;Usually, the prices of spices and daily essentials go up before Qurbani, but this year it&#8217;s the opposite&#8212;they&#8217;ve decreased. This is really good for us.&#8221;</p><p>Mizanur Rahman, another consumer from neighboring Satkania Upazila, said, &#8220;This year, the prices of spices and other essentials have dropped before Eid-ul-Adha. In the past, prices used to rise sharply during Ramadan, Eid-ul-Fitr, and Eid-ul-Adha. But this year, thanks to strict government monitoring and effective action against black marketers and syndicates, prices have remained stable.&#8221;</p><p><strong>Reasons Behind the Decline</strong></p><p>According to <a href="https://sarabangla.net/news/post-1013166/">traders</a>, the drop in spice prices this year is due to several key factors. Banks have cooperated in opening import letters of credit (LCs), imports have been steady, there is no shortage in supply, market syndicates have been dismantled, and overall consumer demand is relatively low.</p><p><a href="https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/298596">SM Nazer Hossain, Vice President of the Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB), </a>explained, &#8220;Every year, one to two weeks before Qurbani Eid, dishonest traders used to manipulate the market and raise the prices of almost all types of spices several times over.&#8221;</p><p>This year, however, the situation is different. With no large syndicates controlling the market, a heavy volume of spice imports took place before Eid. As a result, prices have not skyrocketed as they have in previous years.</p><p>In the past, only a small number of traders dominated spice imports. This year, imports were more open and accessible. Consequently, the supply of spices in the market has increased significantly.</p><p><a href="https://sarabangla.net/news/post-1013166/">Amal Saha, a spice importer, told local media</a>, &#8220;In the past 20&#8211;22 years, I haven&#8217;t seen spice prices drop like this before Eid-ul-Adha. You could say this has broken a two-decade record. Several factors are at play here.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;First, there are no syndicates now. Second, banks are no longer creating obstacles to opening LCs for imports. As a result, more traders are importing, and overall supply has increased. Supply has now exceeded demand&#8212;that&#8217;s why prices have dropped,&#8221; he added.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://theinsighta.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Political Oligopoly: How Power, Not Principle, Drives Bangladesh’s Political Loyalty ]]></title><description><![CDATA[In Bangladesh&#8217;s oligopolistic political system, activists leave smaller parties not due to ideology but for access to power, resources, and visibility offered by dominant parties like the NCP.]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/p/political-oligopoly-how-power-not</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://theinsighta.com/p/political-oligopoly-how-power-not</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Sibbir Ahmad]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 31 May 2025 16:24:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div><hr></div><p><em>&#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2468;&#2494;&#2527; &#2438;&#2470;&#2480;&#2509;&#2486;&#2503;&#2480; &#2458;&#2503;&#2527;&#2503; &#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2478;&#2468;&#2494;, &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2474;&#2470; &#2447;&#2476;&#2434; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2497;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2439; &#2470;&#2482;&#2476;&#2470;&#2482;&#2503;&#2480; &#2478;&#2498;&#2482; &#2458;&#2494;&#2482;&#2495;&#2453;&#2494; &#2486;&#2453;&#2509;&#2468;&#2495; &#2489;&#2527;&#2503; &#2441;&#2464;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2438;&#2470;&#2480;&#2509;&#2486;&#2495;&#2453; &#2451; &#2437;&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476;&#2486;&#2494;&#2482;&#2496; &#2470;&#2482;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507; &#2469;&#2503;&#2453;&#2503; &#2470;&#2453;&#2509;&#2487; &#2451; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2480;&#2497;&#2468;&#2495;&#2486;&#2496;&#2482; &#2453;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2496;&#2480;&#2494; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476;&#2486;&#2494;&#2482;&#2496; &#2470;&#2482;&#2503; &#2458;&#2482;&#2503; &#2479;&#2494;&#2458;&#2509;&#2459;&#2503;&#2472;, &#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2467; &#2488;&#2503;&#2454;&#2494;&#2472;&#2503; &#2480;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503; &#2480;&#2494;&#2487;&#2509;&#2463;&#2509;&#2480;&#2496;&#2527; &#2488;&#2434;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;, &#2478;&#2495;&#2465;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494; &#2470;&#2499;&#2486;&#2509;&#2479;&#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2468;&#2494; &#2451; &#2453;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2480;&#2495;&#2527;&#2494;&#2480; &#2455;&#2464;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2497;&#2479;&#2507;&#2455;&#2404; &#2475;&#2482;&#2503; &#2459;&#2507;&#2463; &#2470;&#2482;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507; &#2453;&#2509;&#2480;&#2478;&#2503;&#2439; &#2470;&#2497;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2482; &#2489;&#2527;&#2503; &#2474;&#2524;&#2459;&#2503;, &#2438;&#2480; &#2453;&#2527;&#2503;&#2453;&#2463;&#2495; &#2476;&#2524; &#2470;&#2482; &#2474;&#2497;&#2480;&#2507; &#2480;&#2494;&#2460;&#2472;&#2504;&#2468;&#2495;&#2453; &#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2503;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480; &#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2467; &#2453;&#2480;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404;</em></p><div><hr></div><p></p><p></p><p>&#8220;Every time I convince two people to join my party, three leave for other parties&#8212;especially the <em>National Citizens' Party</em> (NCP). My party is falling apart,&#8221; lamented Tareq Rahman, former Gano Odhikar Parishad leader and current convenor of <em>Amjonotar Dol</em>, during a recent <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsrDiodHEcw">political talk show</a>. He also alleged that the interim Bangladesh government favors only one student-led political party&#8212;the NCP&#8212;while ignoring others who also played critical roles in the July 2024 revolution.</p><p>His words were not just an emotional admission&#8212;they exposed a deeper structural truth about Bangladesh&#8217;s political landscape: non-dominant parties are in crisis, not because of bad ideology, but because of bad economics.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg" width="1456" height="952" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:952,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:121660,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://theinsighta.com/i/164882324?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oeLT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6bd19a57-8954-4d20-b849-d43f1b217a95_1456x952.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo: Illustration by <em>The Insighta</em></figcaption></figure></div><p></p><p>In Bangladesh today, political loyalty operates not merely on the basis of ideology or moral conviction. It is increasingly governed by the logic of markets, specifically, the logic of oligopoly. Just as a few large firms dominate certain industries and absorb the best talent, a few dominant political parties concentrate access to resources, visibility, and networks. Whether it was the <em>Awami League</em> before, or <em>BNP</em>, or now <em>NCP</em> during the interim government period&#8212;each has functioned as a dominant player in Bangladesh&#8217;s political market, attracting talent from other parties with less access to power, regardless of ideological differences.</p><p>This isn&#8217;t just about newer, non-dominant parties falling apart. A longstanding and widely observed pattern is that many members of leftist and Islamist ideological parties&#8212;trained rigorously in their respective student wings&#8212;eventually shift allegiance to dominant parties like BNP, Awami League, or now NCP. While these shifts are often viewed as betrayals or ideological compromises, they are better understood through the lens of structural incentives.</p><p>This pattern of political migration, whether from ideological or non-ideological parties, reflects the broader structure of incentives shaped by access to power.</p><p><strong>Oligopoly Politics: A Market of Power Concentration</strong></p><p>In an oligopolistic market, a handful of firms concentrate most of the resources. They possess not only brand power but also preferential access to capital, skilled labor, supply chains, regulatory advantages, and market intelligence. These firms don&#8217;t always innovate; they often survive by absorbing innovations and talent developed by smaller players. This gives them a competitive advantage: they can produce more efficiently, absorb talent from smaller firms, and even lower prices to crowd out competitors.</p><p>The same applies to political parties in Bangladesh. Dominant parties like the <em>Awami League</em> in the past, and now <em>NCP</em>, leverage their proximity to state institutions, donor channels, media visibility, and patronage networks to create a magnetic field around themselves. These assets act like market capital. They can attract talent from across the ideological spectrum, even from their rivals. Just like employees switch to dominant firms for better pay, growth, and stability, political activists gravitate to dominant parties for career security, influence, and access to opportunity.</p><p>Even though the interim government led by Nobel Laureate Dr. Muhammad Yunus is officially neutral and reform-oriented, the presence of NCP-linked advisors has given the party an aura of insider access, making it appear as though it already wields significant power. This perception alone is enough to drive activists, especially those with political aspirations, to abandon their non-dominant affiliations and join NCP.</p><p><strong>Cadres for Sale: How Dominant Parties Thrive on Ideological Labor</strong></p><p>Bangladesh&#8217;s political landscape is witnessing a familiar trend of political brain drain. Just as top students or engineers from developing countries migrate to the West for better opportunities, some of the most capable political organizers, especially those trained in ideological parties like leftist student groups or <em>Islami Chhatra Shibir</em>, are eventually absorbed by dominant political <strong>parties. These activists, shaped by disciplined ideological environments, often do not remain with their original &#8220;mother parties&#8221; (such as CPB, JASAD, or Jamaat). Instead, they migrate toward more resource-rich, electorally promising platforms like BNP, Awami League, or, more recently, NCP. For example, former Jasad leader Shahjahan Siraj <a href="https://www.tritiyomatra.com/profile/101">joined the BNP in 1995</a>. Recently, former <a href="https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/politics/3lioolglkw">Chhatra Shibir leader Mujahidul Islam Shahin and fromer Chhatra Union leader Anik Roy joined the NCP.</a></strong></p><p>This outsourcing of cadre development has created a paradoxical structure: dominant parties rarely invest in long-term ideological grooming, yet remain electorally strong. Why? Because they function much like large firms in an oligopoly. In the corporate world, big companies often poach experienced employees from startups instead of training them internally. Similarly, dominant parties in Bangladesh benefit from a fragmented political ecosystem where smaller ideological outfits continue to produce high-quality political labor that can be later co-opted.</p><p>At the same time, non-dominant but non-ideological parties&#8212;such as <em>Gano Odhikar Parishad</em>, <em>AB Party</em>, and <em>Amjonotar Dol</em>&#8212;face a different kind of crisis. These parties often attract politically ambitious young leaders with the promise of fresh leadership or reformist agendas. However, lacking both institutional resources and ideological depth, they struggle to retain talent. As these parties remain on the margins of power, their activists frequently jump ship to dominant parties like the NCP, where they perceive greater opportunity and visibility.</p><p>Over time, this leads to organizational hollowing. What began as vibrant new movements gradually turned into one-man shows, drained of youth energy, internal democracy, or future pipeline. Ironically, this ongoing talent drain allows dominant parties to thrive without building their own intellectual or ideological infrastructure. They inherit networks, ideas, and organizers without bearing the costs of political training. In effect, they outsource cadre development to smaller parties, then absorb them for free.</p><p>In short, the political market rewards dominance, not discipline. And as long as the structure favors resource concentration, non-dominant parties&#8212;both ideological and non-ideological&#8212;will struggle to remain whole.</p><p><strong>Why Voters Also Choose Dominance</strong></p><p>This logic extends to voters as well. Just as consumers often choose well-known brands even if they are overpriced or of inferior quality, voters often pick candidates from dominant parties regardless of their personal merit. A corrupt, unqualified candidate from a major party often defeats a principled candidate from a minor one&#8212;because voters believe the major party can &#8220;deliver.&#8221; The dominant party becomes a brand of perceived power.</p><p><strong>Staying Outside Power: Fragmentation and Organizational Decay</strong></p><p>When a party remains outside power for too long, like the BNP post-2008, it risks losing not only public support but internal cohesion. Activists defect, become politically inactive, or switch parties entirely. This was, in fact, part of a long-term strategy by both the ruling Awami League and its geopolitical ally: to keep BNP out of power long enough so that it would dissolve like the Muslim League. <a href="https://en.somoynews.tv/news/2023-11-18/bnp-jamaat-will-disappear-within-10-15-years-predicts-joy">In 2023, Sajeeb Wazed Joy, the former prime minister&#8217;s son and a key political strategist for Awami League, publicly stated that &#8220;in 10&#8211;15 years, there will be no BNP or Jamaat left as political parties.&#8221;</a></p><p>Such predictions aren&#8217;t baseless. If denied access to power for too long, parties struggle to retain their foot soldiers, mid-level organizers, and even senior leaders. The longer they stay disconnected from the state machinery, the more likely it is that their base will shrink, their influence will wither, and their remaining actors will either switch sides or exit politics entirely.</p><p>For activists with political ambition, the decision becomes transactional: <em>Should I stay in a party of ideals, or move to one that gets things done?</em></p><p>Unless the structural incentives change&#8212;unless non-dominant parties gain access to platforms, resources, and institutional legitimacy, the logic of the market will continue to override the pull of ideology.</p><p><strong>Political Loyalty Follows Power</strong></p><p>Political realignments in Bangladesh are often read as betrayals. But they are better understood as rational adaptations to an unequal political economy. Power, like capital, is concentrated. Those who hold it attract resources&#8212;leaders, activists, and even voters. In the end, the rational actor&#8212;whether an employee, activist, or voter&#8212;gravitates toward where opportunity flows.</p><p>The challenge for ideological or smaller parties, then, is not just to have &#8220;correct&#8221; ideas, but to create viable structures that retain talent, provide career incentives, and build the perception that they, too, can win.</p><p>Until then, the oligopoly of power will continue. And the migration of cadres from idealism to influence will remain- not a flaw, but a feature- of our political economy.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>About the Author:</strong></p><p><em>Sibbir Ahmad is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Economics at the University of Virginia. He can be reached at sibbirahmad520@gmail.com</em></p><div><hr></div><p></p><pre><code><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect The Insighta's editorial stance. However, any errors in the stated facts or figures may be corrected if supported by verifiable evidence.</code></pre>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Unprecedented but Real: Commodity Prices Drop During Ramadan 2025 in Bangladesh ]]></title><description><![CDATA[The interim government's crackdown on syndicates and strategic measures shattered the long-standing myth of Ramadan price hikes, ensuring stable or lower commodity prices during Ramadan.]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/p/unprecedented-but-real-commodity</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://theinsighta.com/p/unprecedented-but-real-commodity</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mohammed Raihan]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 22 Mar 2025 04:03:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p>&#2480;&#2478;&#2460;&#2494;&#2472; &#2478;&#2494;&#2488;&#2503; &#2472;&#2495;&#2468;&#2509;&#2479;&#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2479;&#2492;&#2507;&#2460;&#2472;&#2496;&#2479;&#2492; &#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2503;&#2480; &#2470;&#2494;&#2478; &#2476;&#2494;&#2465;&#2492;&#2494;&#2463;&#2494; &#2447;&#2453;&#2463;&#2494; &#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2478;&#2503; &#2474;&#2480;&#2495;&#2467;&#2468; &#2489;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2495;&#2482; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2503;&#2404; &#2453;&#2507;&#2472;&#2507;&#2477;&#2494;&#2476;&#2503;&#2439; &#2460;&#2495;&#2472;&#2495;&#2488;&#2474;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2470;&#2494;&#2478; &#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2467; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2479;&#2503;&#2468; &#2472;&#2494;&#2404; &#2438;&#2455;&#2503;&#2480; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2455;&#2497;&#2482;&#2507; &#2476;&#2494;&#2460;&#2494;&#2480; &#2488;&#2495;&#2472;&#2509;&#2465;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503;&#2463; &#2477;&#2494;&#2457;&#2494; &#2488;&#2478;&#2509;&#2477;&#2476; &#2472;&#2479;&#2492; &#2476;&#2482;&#2503;&#2451; &#2478;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2509;&#2479; &#2453;&#2480;&#2468;&#2503;&#2472;&#2404; &#2468;&#2476;&#2503; &#2488;&#2503;&#2439; &#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2478;&#2453;&#2503; &#2477;&#2503;&#2457;&#2503; &#2480;&#2503;&#2453;&#2480;&#2509;&#2465; &#2453;&#2480;&#2482;&#2503;&#2472; &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2468;&#2496;&#2453;&#2494;&#2482;&#2496;&#2472; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;, &#2536;&#2534;&#2536;&#2539; &#2488;&#2494;&#2482;&#2503; &#2480;&#2478;&#2460;&#2494;&#2472; &#2478;&#2494;&#2488;&#2503; &#2437;&#2468;&#2495; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2479;&#2492;&#2507;&#2460;&#2472;&#2496;&#2479;&#2492; &#2470;&#2509;&#2480;&#2476;&#2509;&#2479;&#2494;&#2470;&#2495;&#2480; &#2470;&#2494;&#2478; &#2472;&#2495;&#2479;&#2492;&#2472;&#2509;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2467; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2404;</p></div><p>The price hike of essential commodities during Ramadan in Bangladesh has become a long-standing tradition. The prices of some of the most needed items, such as onions, potatoes, green chilies, and sugar, have typically become more expensive&#8212;sometimes even doubling or tripling for certain items. As a result, many middle-class and low-income families need to cut their grocery lists to adjust their budgets. However, for the first time in at least the last decade or more, the Bangladeshi people witnessed that the prices of most essential commodities either decreased or remained stable during Ramadan. This became possible due to the interim government&#8217;s efforts to control syndicates and take necessary measures.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png" width="1367" height="871" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:871,&quot;width&quot;:1367,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cvy5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c10e589-ad51-450b-94c5-018968314bf3_1367x871.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Photo: Illustration of Comparison of Prices of commodities in Taka in 2024 and 2025 during Ramadan in Bangladesh</figcaption></figure></div><p>According to recent data from the <a href="https://tcb.gov.bd/site/view/daily_rmp/%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0">Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB)</a>, staple items such as onions, sugar, and broiler chickens have seen significant price drops compared to Ramadan 2024, while a few items, such as soybean oil and beef, have seen slight price increases.</p><p>TCB data shows onions have seen the biggest drop, falling from 90 TK to 35 TK per kg. Broiler chicken prices have fallen from 210 TK to 180 TK per kg. Sugar has declined from 145 TK to 125 TK per kg. The prices of potatoes have dropped from 35 TK to 20 TK per kg.</p><p>Meanwhile, some commodities have experienced price increases. Chickpeas have risen from 100 TK to 105 TK per kg. Soybean oil has increased from 160 TK to 175 TK per liter. Beef has gone up from 730 TK to 750 TK per kg.</p><p>However, even for these items, prices have started to decline gradually as Ramadan progresses.</p><p>So, the question is: why are commodity prices lower this Ramadan?</p><p>Actually, after assuming power following the mass uprising on August 5 last year, the interim government has taken various steps to control commodity prices, playing a crucial role in keeping them stable during this Ramadan.</p><p>To ensure that essential commodities remain affordable during Ramadan, <a href="https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.dhakatribune.com/amp/bangladesh/375255/vat-exemption-on-essential-goods-to-stabilize">the National Board of Revenue (NBR) has removed VAT</a> on several essential items, including mustard oil, flour, semolina, lentils, LPG, biscuits, salt, and spices.</p><p>To lower onion and potato prices, the government reduced import duties. <a href="https://www.facebook.com/100006640866646/posts/pfbid02hz3uhboLNk3WSJX1nTKYCy6p15jSuVrRBbtSBFPkJRLXE2tir7ULS5Rv8Vzdf3Nql/?app=fbl">The tariff on potatoes was cut from 33% to 15%, while the duty on onions was reduced from 10% to 5%,</a> leading to a drop in market prices.</p><p>Refined soybean oil and refined palm oil have been exempted from all applicable value-added taxes at the local production and business levels.<a href="https://www.facebook.com/100006640866646/posts/pfbid02hz3uhboLNk3WSJX1nTKYCy6p15jSuVrRBbtSBFPkJRLXE2tir7ULS5Rv8Vzdf3Nql/?app=fbl">Around 600,000 to 700,000 metric tons of rice bran oil</a> have been produced domestically, along with an equivalent amount of mustard oil.</p><p>To stabilize edible oil prices, the government reduced the import-stage VAT on refined soybean oil, crude soybean oil, and crude palm oil from <a href="https://www.facebook.com/100006640866646/posts/pfbid02hz3uhboLNk3WSJX1nTKYCy6p15jSuVrRBbtSBFPkJRLXE2tir7ULS5Rv8Vzdf3Nql/?app=fbl">15% to 10%.</a></p><p>To stabilize egg prices, the government cut the customs duty on egg imports from <a href="https://www.facebook.com/100006640866646/posts/pfbid02hz3uhboLNk3WSJX1nTKYCy6p15jSuVrRBbtSBFPkJRLXE2tir7ULS5Rv8Vzdf3Nql/?app=fbl">25% to 5%.</a></p><p>On October 7, the Ministry of Commerce formed a <a href="https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.dhakatribune.com/amp/bangladesh/361101/special-taskforce-forced-to-monitor-market">10-member special task force</a> at the district level to monitor and review market conditions and supply chains of essential commodities.</p><p>Between August and October 2024, the Directorate of National Consumer Rights Protection <a href="https://www.facebook.com/100006640866646/posts/pfbid02hz3uhboLNk3WSJX1nTKYCy6p15jSuVrRBbtSBFPkJRLXE2tir7ULS5Rv8Vzdf3Nql/?app=fbl">conducted raids in 3,353 markets across the country, penalizing 6,573 businesses and collecting fines totaling BDT 39,455,700.</a></p><p>One of the iconic faces of the July movement Hasnat Abdullah and many others praised the government initiatives through <a href="https://www.facebook.com/100006640866646/posts/pfbid02hz3uhboLNk3WSJX1nTKYCy6p15jSuVrRBbtSBFPkJRLXE2tir7ULS5Rv8Vzdf3Nql/?app=fbl">social media posts</a> for controlling commodity prices during Ramadan.</p><p>Hasnat in his social media post stated that last year, an Awami League MP in Parliament said that the Ministry of Commerce did not have the power to break syndicates or control commodity prices. Yet, seven months later, interim government advisor Sheikh Bashir Uddin managed to regulate the syndicates, reduce prices, and bring relief to the public amid the high demand of Ramadan.</p><p>He also said that a certain group had been waiting in silence, hoping for soaring prices, shortages, and supply crises during Ramadan, just so they could criticize the interim government.</p><p>"But Bashir Uddin, the commerce advisor, is providing charismatic leadership by stabilizing prices and bringing relief to the public, effectively silencing the critics," said Hasnat, also chief organizer (Southern Region) of National Citizen Party (NCP).</p><p>Mohammad Shahjahan, a trader from Motijheel, <a href="https://www.desh.tv/economy/54768">told a local TV </a>on March 6, "This year, the prices of onions, potatoes, tomatoes, green chilies, and eggs have remained fair and reasonable." He believes that strict government monitoring has contributed to price stability.</p><p>In addition, <a href="https://www.prothomalo.com/business/n30lyfk15t">according to farmers, wholesalers, and traders,</a> the current season has an abundant supply of vegetables such as eggplants, cucumbers, potatoes, and onions, which coincided with Ramadan. While these items typically see higher demand during this period, the steady supply has prevented a price surge.</p><p>Mustafizur Rahman, a wholesaler at Mahasthan Bazar in Bogura, <a href="https://www.prothomalo.com/business/n30lyfk15t">told a local newspaper </a>on March 10, "In previous years, cucumbers would disappear from the market before Ramadan, and the same happened with green chilies and eggplants. But this year, there has been no shortage. With a steady supply, no one has dared to hoard goods."</p><p>Traders and vendors believe that prices are unlikely to rise sharply in the remaining days of Ramadan. However, market stability will depend on supply and demand.</p><p>Ahsan Khaled, Joint General Secretary of Chaktai Industry and Business Association, <a href="https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/cm7154kc8i">told a local newspaper </a>on March 14, "When supply meets demand, prices generally don&#8217;t increase. Right now, the market has a good supply of all essential goods. Prices have remained stable since the beginning of Ramadan, and they are expected to stay that way for the rest of the month.</p><p></p><div><hr></div><p><em><strong>About the Author:</strong></em></p><p><em>Mohammed Raihan is a staff contributor to the Insighta. He writes on history, culture, language, economy and geopolitics, uncovering untold narratives that connect the past and present. He can be reached at mohammed_raihan@theinsighta.com</em></p><div><hr></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Development or Deception? The Myth of Progress Under the Fallen Hasina Regime]]></title><description><![CDATA[For over a decade, Hasina&#8217;s regime boasted grand infrastructure projects while curbing freedoms, crushing dissent, and sinking Bangladesh into debt. But was this real progress or a grand deception?]]></description><link>https://theinsighta.com/p/development-or-deprivation-the-illusion</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://theinsighta.com/p/development-or-deprivation-the-illusion</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mohammad Ala-Uddin, Ph.D.]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 01 Mar 2025 04:31:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em>&#2453;&#2509;&#2487;&#2478;&#2468;&#2494;&#2458;&#2509;&#2479;&#2497;&#2468; &#2486;&#2503;&#2454; &#2489;&#2494;&#2488;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480; &#2447;&#2453;&#2470;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2496; &#2451; &#2476;&#2489;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2476;&#2495;&#2486;&#2509;&#2476;&#2453;&#2503; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2527;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2476;&#2480;&#2509;&#2467;&#2495;&#2482; &#2455;&#2482;&#2509;&#2474; &#2486;&#2497;&#2472;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2437;&#2472;&#2509;&#2479;&#2470;&#2495;&#2453;&#2503; &#2453;&#2464;&#2507;&#2480; &#2470;&#2478;&#2472;-&#2474;&#2496;&#2524;&#2472;&#2451; &#2458;&#2494;&#2482;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2476;&#2495;&#2480;&#2507;&#2471;&#2496; &#2453;&#2467;&#2509;&#2464; &#2480;&#2497;&#2470;&#2509;&#2471; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2470;&#2503;&#2486;&#2453;&#2503; &#2476;&#2495;&#2474;&#2497;&#2482; &#2443;&#2467;&#2503;&#2480; &#2476;&#2507;&#2461;&#2494;&#2527; &#2460;&#2480;&#2509;&#2460;&#2480;&#2495;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2453;&#2499;&#2468; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2527;&#2472; &#2468;&#2476;&#2503; &#2453;&#2507;&#2472;&#2463;&#2495;? &#2437;&#2476;&#2453;&#2494;&#2464;&#2494;&#2478;&#2507; &#2451; &#2476;&#2504;&#2487;&#2527;&#2495;&#2453; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2527;&#2472;? &#2472;&#2494;&#2453;&#2495; &#2478;&#2494;&#2472;&#2476;&#2495;&#2453; &#2488;&#2509;&#2476;&#2494;&#2471;&#2496;&#2472;&#2468;&#2494;? &#2447;&#2439; &#2472;&#2495;&#2476;&#2472;&#2509;&#2471;&#2503; &#2489;&#2494;&#2488;&#2495;&#2472;&#2494; &#2488;&#2480;&#2453;&#2494;&#2480;&#2503;&#2480; &#2468;&#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2469;&#2495;&#2468; &#2441;&#2472;&#2509;&#2472;&#2527;&#2472;&#2503;&#2480; &#2438;&#2524;&#2494;&#2482;&#2503; &#2482;&#2497;&#2453;&#2495;&#2527;&#2503; &#2469;&#2494;&#2453;&#2494; &#2472;&#2495;&#2480;&#2509;&#2478;&#2478; &#2476;&#2494;&#2488;&#2509;&#2468;&#2476;&#2468;&#2494;&#2480; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2468;&#2495; &#2438;&#2482;&#2507;&#2453;&#2474;&#2494;&#2468; &#2453;&#2480;&#2494; &#2489;&#2527;&#2503;&#2459;&#2503;&#2404;</em></p></div><p></p><p></p><p>Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen defines development as &#8220;freedom.&#8221; He challenges the dominant view of development that is mistaken for mere material progress. Sen thinks that true human development goes beyond economic gains. He insists that actual development is not just about access to assets and resources but about people&#8217;s ability to meaningfully use them and benefit from them. Sen&#8217;s view of progress reveals why Sheikh Hasina&#8217;s so-called &#8220;mega&#8221; development projects failed to deliver lasting change in the lives of ordinary Bangladeshis. In this article, I put the regime&#8217;s development narrative to the test through Amartya Sen&#8217;s idea of freedom, later refined as &#8220;freedoms.&#8221; Indeed, without fundamental freedoms, development becomes a deception that denies people real progress.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg" width="1456" height="952" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YN4i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fcfd859-d127-4321-b751-5e7661dcdbc5_1456x952.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;JATARGDKSE&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><p></p><p><strong>Amartya Sen&#8217;s Vision of Progress vs. Hasina&#8217;s Reality</strong></p><p>Sen&#8217;s idea of development as freedom is worth elaborating. He opposes the traditional view of development as increasing material benefit and happiness, because mere access to those utilities does not guarantee well-being. Some individuals with limited economic resources look happy and content, while others with great wealth remain unhappy. This makes material benefit or &#8220;happiness&#8221; not a reliable indicator of public well-being. Sen believes that the quality of life, if measured this way, would be flawed and misleading. Instead, he urges us to look at what people actually are &#8220;able to be&#8221; (being) and &#8220;able to do&#8221; (doing). In another word, Sen asks what conditions or states people are currently in&#8212;like &#8220;being safe,&#8221; &#8220;being healthy&#8221;&#8212;and what choices people are able to make&#8212;like having a good job and feeling valued. Sen calls these <em>beings </em>and <em>doings </em>as human capabilities, or true <em>functionings</em>, because they reflect people&#8217;s actual conditions in society. Putting this lens in the context of Bangladesh, we must ask: During Sheikh Hasina&#8217;s 16-year autocratic rule, what life conditions did the ordinary Bangladeshis live in? What meaningful actions or activities were they able to take to achieve the kind of life they genuinely valued or had good reasons to value?</p><p><strong>Mega Projects or Mega Illusion?</strong></p><p>This is not merely about the amount of material goods or infrastructure that Sheikh Hasina expanded, but about the notable strides in large-scale projects that her regime made&#8211;at least, that is what anyone might believe when coming across her widely circulated development narrative&#8212;<em>The country is floating in prosperity</em>. Ambitious projects such as the <a href="http://www.padmabridge.gov.bd/rdpp.php#:~:text=BDT%2030%2C1933.7%20Million%20or,Billion%20(Including%20VAT%20and%20IT)">Padma Bridge ($3.87 billion)</a>, <a href="https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/bangladesh#:~:text=The%20project%20management%20company%20is,the%20contract%20value%20in%20advance.">Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant ($12.65 billion)</a>, <a href="https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/economy/metro-route-extension-in-limbo-over-cost-hurdles#google_vignette">Dhaka Metro Rail ($2.74 billion)</a>, <a href="https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/3ngvv6flc6">Elevated Expressway ($1.1 billion)</a>, and the much-publicized <em><a href="https://www.tbsnews.net/features/panorama/not-so-digital-bangladesh-977551">Digital Bangladesh</a></em><a href="https://www.tbsnews.net/features/panorama/not-so-digital-bangladesh-977551"> initiative ($5.4 billion)</a> could appear impressive at first glance, but the critical question remains: what actual improvements did these mega projects bring to the everyday lives of Bangladeshi citizens? What were their real living conditions? How much freedom did they have to build their own futures? These questions are essential for not only evaluating Hasina&#8217;s rule but also guiding future governments and policymakers toward meaningful development.</p><p>If these billion-dollar projects truly enhanced social wellbeing, why did people take to the streets, risking their lives to protest the regime? Why were over 1,500 students and ordinary people killed while standing against the authoritarian reign? Answering these questions is complex, but three key realities emerge&#8212;Hasina&#8217;s development model was marred by corruption, burdened by persisting debt, and sustained through autocratic control.</p><p><strong>Who Truly Benefited?</strong></p><p>First, Hasina&#8217;s <em>mega</em> development projects came with <em>mega</em> corruption, primarily benefiting her party loyalists, business elites, government employees, and law enforcement agencies and military&#8212;all played a role in safeguarding her regime. Reports of large-scale corruption have been widely documented by international agencies and media. Between 2009 and 2023, <a href="https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/white-paper-reveals-how-15-years-corruption-bled-economy-1007546?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Bangladesh lost an average of $16 billion per year</a> to illicit financial outflows&#8212;more than twice the total received from foreign aid and direct investments. During the same period, Bangladeshi households <a href="https://www.ti-bangladesh.org/articles/story/7137?utm_source=chatgpt.com">paid an estimated BDT 146,252 crore ($12 billion) in bribes </a>or unofficial fees to access services across 18 sectors and institutions in the country.</p><p><strong>A Nation Drowning in Debt and Deception</strong></p><p>Second, Hasina skillfully manipulated public perception with the help of complicit media, creating the illusion that her ambitious projects were a gift to the nation. This narrative largely evaded public scrutiny as mainstream media failed to question the financial management of these projects. It is now evident that most of the funding came from foreign loans. According to a <em><a href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/economy/359020/foreign-debts-soars-by-80bn-in-15-years">Dhaka Tribune</a></em><a href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/economy/359020/foreign-debts-soars-by-80bn-in-15-years"> report (September 19, 2024)</a>, by June 2024, Bangladesh&#8217;s foreign debt had skyrocketed from $23.5 billion in 2009&#8212;when Hasina took office&#8212;to $103.78 billion. This staggering 341% increase in debt translates to over $80 billion in new foreign loans, including $71 billion borrowed directly by the government. The details are even more alarming: between June 2020 and June 2023, foreign debt surged by 51%&#8212;begging a question: where did this money go?</p><p>Third, these <em>mega projects</em>&#8212;and the <em>mega loans</em> that funded them&#8212;raise a fundamental question: <em>Who truly benefited from them?</em> Clearly they are not the public. Ordinary citizens were almost entirely excluded from the development process, having no say in planning, implementation, or oversight. From local government bodies to the national parliament, <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/asia-and-the-pacific/south-asia/bangladesh/report-bangladesh/">public voices were systematically silenced and their basic rights were denied</a>. Meanwhile, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-says-bangladesh-elections-were-not-free-fair-2024-01-08/?utm_source=chatgpt.com">elections were reduced to mere formalities</a>, with opposition parties crippled by mass arrests, enforced disappearances, and media censorship. Development became a tool for consolidating power rather than improving lives. So, in reality, does such development reflect true prosperity and progress, or was it just a fa&#231;ade of economic growth masking an increasingly entrenched autocracy?</p><p>Amartya Sen&#8217;s concept of development aptly explains Bangladesh&#8217;s development trajectory. Between material goods and their intended benefits, Sen identifies that <em>human capabilities</em> (or <em>functionings</em>) are often missing, leading to deprivations (or <em>unfreedoms</em>) in society. True development, according to Sen, is not merely about acquiring assets and wealth but about expanding people&#8217;s choices and freedoms. Without the ability to <em>be</em> and <em>do</em>, material goods alone make little or no difference beyond providing temporary delight or comfort.</p><p>Sen makes this idea clear with the example of a standard bicycle. While a bike is generally seen as a means of transportation, whether it actually serves this function depends on various personal and societal conditions. A person may feel momentary happiness in owning a bike, but real satisfaction comes from its actual use and the benefits it provides. Now, consider the barriers: What if the bike owner doesn&#8217;t know how to ride? What if they fear heavy traffic? What if there are no bike paths? What if they don&#8217;t have one leg or are physically unable to cycle? A simplistic, utility-based development policy tends to overlook these crucial factors&#8212;capabilities and freedoms&#8212;that determine whether the bike can truly give transportation. For Sen, real development means addressing these constraints: building bike paths, managing traffic well, and designing adaptive tools for individuals with disabilities, so that everyone can genuinely benefit from the resource.</p><p><strong>Digital Bangladesh&#8212;A Grand Promise Without Public</strong></p><p>Let&#8217;s put Amartya Sen&#8217;s idea of <em>functionings</em> or capabilities into the perspective of the so-called <em>development</em> initiatives under Sheikh Hasina&#8217;s regime. We find too many instances where <a href="https://www.newagebd.net/article/201392/bridges-without-roads-waste-public-money-all-over">infrastructure was built but remained nearly unused</a>&#8212;failing to generate any desired utility. For example, multiple reports published in mainstream media have shown<a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/editorial/news/unfinished-bridges-unfulfilled-promises-3423586"> images of bridges and culverts standing in the middle of open fields</a>. They are disconnected from any roads and hence are completely useless. A similar pattern emerges with the much-publicized <em>Digital Bangladesh</em> initiative. The government claimed its goal was to bring public services to citizens' doorsteps, yet the entire digital infrastructure was designed around government officials, agencies, and select entities like NGOs&#8212;without meaningful public participation. From planning and implementation to evaluation, the public was systematically excluded from the process. Instead, this<a href="https://www.tbsnews.net/tech/ict/ict-among-most-corruption-affected-sectors-white-paper-1007471"> digitalization program became a conduit for siphoning public funds</a>.</p><p>This is not to say that infrastructural development&#8212;whether bridges or digital platforms&#8212;is inherently useless. Rather, quite the opposite: a bridge or culvert can greatly improve people's lives <em>if</em> properly connected to roads and transportation networks. Likewise, government websites and digital services could be genuinely transformative <em>if</em> the public had active participation and ownership in those services and voices in shaping their needs. But without active engagement, billions were either wasted or severely underutilized.</p><p><strong>The Vanishing Right to Political Participation</strong></p><p>Now, let&#8217;s turn to political developments over the past 16 years under Sheikh Hasina&#8217;s regime. Take elections, for instance&#8212;Bangladeshi citizens once had the <em>luxury</em> of exercising their power by casting votes in every election cycle. Historically, concerns over electoral fairness and neutrality existed, yet people could still participate, even in flawed elections. However, under Hasina&#8217;s rule, that <em>luxury</em> was entirely stripped away. While her government maintained the election cycles&#8212;primarily to showcase legitimacy to the world, the entire election process<em> </em>was controlled. The regime systematically dismantled political opposition, barring major parties from routine political activities. Senior leaders and hundreds of thousands of activists were imprisoned, while thousands were forcibly disappeared. In some elections, even independent candidates were absent, as fear silenced nearly all dissent. At polling centers, ruling party operatives brazenly seized ballots from voters, often aided by law enforcement. Meanwhile, media complicity further deepened the crisis, shielding these electoral manipulations from critical scrutiny. Elections could have marked a milestone in Bangladesh&#8217;s political progress&#8212;had the Awami League not <em>hijacked</em> the process for its own consolidation of power.</p><p>Similarly, the voices of ordinary citizens, students, teachers, journalists, photojournalists, and social activists&#8212;except for those loyal to the regime&#8212;were systematically silenced. Even a simple social media post, reaction (like and love), or comment could lead to lawsuits, arrests, and/or imprisonment. The entire country was gripped by fear. Those who dared to raise their voices&#8212;whether online or in the streets&#8212;faced brutal retaliation and state-sponsored harassment. The repression extended beyond borders; critics living overseas saw their family members back home detained, interrogated, and/or tortured.</p><p>Meanwhile, nearly every social, educational, and public institution was eroded through rampant politicization and corruption. Schools, colleges, universities&#8212;and even religious institutions such as mosques and Madrasahs&#8212;fell under the grip of the regime&#8217;s loyalists. Administrative appointments and operational decisions were dictated by political allegiance rather than merit. Everyday citizens had to seek approval from ruling party operatives for even basic transactions. From Amartya Sen&#8217;s perspective, while resources and infrastructure existed&#8212;albeit financed through astronomical foreign debt and tainted by corruption&#8212;there were no meaningful <em>functionings</em> that allowed people to be or do what they valued. The fundamental freedoms required for true human development were extinguished.</p><p>With all this in mind, we must ask: What does true development look like? Is it measured by highways, bridges, and skyscrapers, or by freedoms and opportunities that allow people to live with dignity? Can a nation be considered developed when its citizens live in fear&#8212;unable to speak, act, or dream? And most importantly, can economic progress be sustainable when built on the foundations of repression, corruption, and debt? The answers to these questions will not only challenge the very definition of development itself but also serve as a reminder for future leaders to prioritize people-centered progress.</p><div><hr></div><p><em><strong>About the Author:</strong></em></p><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>Mohammad Ala-Uddin, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Communication Studies at Saint Mary&#8217;s College, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA. A former journalist and NORAD Fellow, Dr. Ala-Uddin specializes in global communication, digital media technology, and sustainable social change. He can be reached at alauddinm26@gmail.com </em></pre></div><div><hr></div><pre><code><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The views expressed in this article are the authors' own and do not necessarily reflect The Insighta's editorial stance. However, any errors in the stated facts or figures may be corrected if supported by verifiable evidence.</code></pre>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>